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Term	Definition
Androecial hood flat	The androecial hood is not curved or coiled inward at all
Androecial hood flat, thick	The androecial hood, as seen in medial longitudinal section, is thickened dorsiventrally.
Androecial hood flat, thin	The androecial hood is not curved or coiled inward and it is not thickened as viewed in a medial longitudinal section.
Androecial hood horizontally oriented (= hood horizontally oriented)	An androecial hood with the first coil oriented at more-or-less 90 degrees to the main axis of the flower.
Androecial hood obliquely oriented (= hood obliquely orientated)	An androecial hood that is oriented at an angle less than 90 degrees to the main axis of the flower.
Androecial hood once-coiled	The androecial hood turns inward once
Androecial hood split	A separation of the androecial hood into a posterior hood extension and an anterior hood extension.
Androecial hood triple-coiled	The androecial hood makes three turns inward
Androecial hood: Bertholletia-type	The Bertholletia-type of androecial hood has appendages that are swept back into the interior of the hood which are called vestigial stamens; these appendages do not have anthers.
Androecial hood: Corythophora alta-type	A thickened hood, bearing staminodes.
Androecial hood: Couratari-type	The androecial hood has an extra external flap found only in species of Couratari.
Androecial hood: Couroupita guianensis-type	In this type of hood, there is an appendage-free area between the staminal ring and the androecial hood proper. The appendages bear normal looking anthers but they contain fodder pollen (=staminodes) and the hood is slightly thickened.
Androecial hood: Couroupita subsessilis-type	This type of androecial hood has three features: 1) an invagination, 2) a notch on the distal end as viewed from above, and 3) staminodes.
Androecial hood: Eschweilera-type	In this type of hood, the interior of the hood forms an inward coil and the vestigial stamens at the end of the coil are nectar-producing.
Androecial hood: Lecythis corrugata-type	In this type of androecial hood, the hood is flat and thickened, there are no appendages with anthers on the hood, and the vestigial stamens are poorly developed.
Androecial hood: Lecythis idatimon-type	The androecial hood is flat and there are only vestigial stamens representing the appendages of the hood.
Androecial hood: Lecythis ollaria-type	This type of androecial hood turns inward but does not form a complete coil, the vestigial stamens are all the same size, and lack anthers; thus, they are called vestigial stamens.
Androecial hood: Lecythis persistens subsp. persistens-type	The androecial hood of this type is flat and the appendages of the hood are with anthers that bear fodder pollen and, thus, are called staminodes
Androecial hood: Lecythis pisonis-type	The androecial hood is separated from the staminal ring, the hood is flat, and there are staminodes proximally and vestigial stamens distally.
Androecium (pl. = androecia)	The male part of the flower.
Androecium (plural = androecia)	The collective term for the staminate structures (i.e., the stamens and staminodes) of a flower; the stamens as a unit.
Androecium actinomorphic	Capable of being divided in more than one plane into two or more equal halves; usually, but not always, used to describe flowers.
Androecium zygomorphic	The prolongation of one side of the androecium of all species of Cariniana, Couroupita, Corythophora, Bertholletia, Couratari, Eschweilera, and Lecythis.
Androgynophore	A stalk that is elevated above the point of perianth attachment and supports the androecium and gynoecium; e.g., species of Passifloraceae.
Andromonoecy (andromonoecious)	Referring to the sexual condition of a species that bears staminate and bisexual flowers on the same plant; in the Mimosaceae, referring to the presence of staminate and pistillate flowers in the same cluster.
Androphore	A stalk elevated above the point of perianth attachment and supporting the stamens; e.g., the united filaments of species of Menispermaceae and Myristicaceae.
Androphore	A stalk elevated above the point of perianth attachment which supports the stamens.
Anemophily (anemophilous)	Pollination by the wind, i.e., the movement of pollen by the from the stamens of a flower to the stigma of another flower. This includes movement for the anther to the stigma of the same flower, from the anther to the stigma of another flower on the same plant, or from the anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant. Same as wind pollination.
Aneomochory (nemochorous)	Referring to a fruit or seed adapted for dispersal by wind.
Angiosperm	A flowering plant whose seeds are borne within a fruit derived from a carpel or carpels.
Anisocytic stomata	Referring to a stomatal type in which one of the subsidiary cells surrounding a stomate is smaller than the other epidermal cells.
Anisocytic stomata	Referring to a stomatal type in which one of the subsidiary cells surrounding a stomate is smaller than the other epidermal cells.
Anisophylly (anisophyllous)	With two leaves of a pair differing in shape and/ or size; this is relatively common in species of Melastomataceae..
Annual	Plant with a life cycle of one year or less from seed to maturity and death. Compare with biennial and perennial.
Anomocytic stomata	Referring to a stomatal type in which the subsidiary cells surrounding a stomate are not differentiated from the other epidermal cells.
Anomocytic stomata	Referring to a stomatal type in which the subsidiary cells surrounding a stomate are not differentiated from the other epidermal cells.
Ant dispersal	Referring to the process in which ants carry away diaspores from parent plants thereby effecting dispersal of those plants. The ants are usually attracted to fleshy structures associated with seeds such as elaiosomes.
Antepetalous	Referring to structures, usually stamens, inserted opposite or facing the petals.
Anterior end of flower	The most distal end of the flower but not including inner coils, i.e., the end of a zygomorphic-flowered Lecythidaceae into which a pollinator enters to reap a pollinator reward.
Anterior hood extension	An extension of the ligule beyond the point where the androecial hood splits into two extensions, this extension is the uppermost division of the androecial hood split and extends forward from the split.
Antesepalous	Referring to structures, usually stamens, inserted opposite or facing the sepals.
Anther	The pollen-bearing part of the stamen.
Anther	The pollen-bearing part of the stamen.
Anther connective	The tissue that connects the thecae on one side of an anther to the thecae on the other side.
Anther dehiscence lateral	Referring to the anthers of many flowering plants that open along the side.
Anther dehiscence lateral	Anthers that dehisce by lateral slits.
Anther dehiscence poricidal	Anthers that open (dehisce) and release pollen via a terminal pore.
Anther theca (pl. = thecae)	The chambers of an anther in which the pollen is produced. Same as pollen sac.
Anther versatile	A stamen in which the filament is attached to the anther above the base of the anther.
Antheridium (plural = antheridia)	Referring to a multicellular haploid structure in which sperm is produced in mosses, hepatics, ferns, and relatively few vascular plants.
Antherode	The anther of a staminode; an anther that bears pollen that does not germinate.
Antherode	The anther of a staminode; an anther that bears pollen that does not germinate; in the Lecythidaceae, antherodes are found in the androecial hood and in the innermost row of anthers on the ligular side of the staminal ring of some species, in the Lecythidaceae antherodes are often different in color, usually yellow, than the anthers of the stamens which are usually white.
Anthers basifixed	Referring to an anther attached to the filament at its base.
Anthers basifixed	Anthers attached to their filaments at the very base.
Anthers black	Anthers that look black at anthesis either because the anther is black or because the pollen is black.
Anthers orange	Anthers that look orange at anthesis either because the anther is orange or because the pollen is orange.
Anthers versatile	Anthers that are attached above the base and can be moved more freely on the apices of their filaments than can anthers that are attached at their bases (= anthers basifixed).
Anthers white	Anthers that look white at anthesis either because the anther is white or because the pollen is white. White anthers are common in neotropical Lecythidaceae.
Anthers yellow	Anthers that look yellow at anthesis either because the anther is yellow or because the pollen is yellow.
Anthesis	The expanding and opening of a flower.
Anthesis	The expanding and opening of a flower; another way of saying "in flower."
Antipodals	Three cells located at the end of the matural megagametophyte opposite the micropyle. These cell apparently have no function and desintegrate after fertilization.
Apetalous flower	Without petals.
Apical	Toward the apex. Opposite of basal. Same as distal.
Apical placentation	A type of placentation in which the ovules are attached at the apex of the locule. See placentation.
Apical pore	An opening at the apex of a structure; e.g., the flower of some species of Monimiaceae or the anthers of some species, such as, Gustavia augusta (Lecythidaceae).
Apomixis (adj. = apomitic)	In the broad sense, any form of asexual reproduction, and, in the narrow sense, seed production without fertilization. This term is more commonly used for the production of seed without fertilization.
Apomorphic character	Referring to a feature of a plant that is derived from an ancestral character state, i.e., an evolutionary advanced character state that helps define taxonomic groups, e.g., the Couratari clade of neotropical Lecythidaceae.
Appendage	A secondary structure or outgrowth attached to a main structure; e.g., the outgrowths on anthers of Melastomataceae or species of Viola.
Appendage-free ligule	The part of a ligule between the staminal ring and the androecial hood that is free of stamens, staminodes, and vestigial stamens (collectively called appendages), or at least the appendages are very sparse compared to their density in the staminal ring or on the hood.
Appressed	Lying flat against a surface or axis; e.g., trichomes, leaves, or bracts.
Aquatic	Growing in or on the water.
Arched tertiary veins	Referring to tertiary veins that orginate from the midrib and arch downward to the infra adjacent secondary vein.
Archegonium (plural = archegonia)	Referring to a multicellular haploid structure in which the egg is produced in mosses, hepatics, ferns, and relatively few vascular plants.
Areole (areolate)	Referring to the smallest area of leaf tissue surrounded by veins, the sides of which can be comprised of any order of vein (Ellis et al., 2009).

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