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Term	Definition
Riverine	See riparian.
Rosette	An arrangement of leaves radiating from the base of the stem and usually placed close to the ground.
Rostellum (plural = rostella)	The portion of the stigma of some Orchidaceae that separates the anther from the fertile part of the stigma and aids in gluing the pollinia to the pollinators; a small beak.
Rosulate	Referring to a cluster of leaves arranged in a rosette.
Rounded	Referring to a leaf blade that is curved at the apex with an angle greater than 90 degrees at the point where the two sides meet.
Rugose (diminutive = rugulose)	Having a wrinkled surface.
Rugose hypanthium	Refers to a hypanthium with a wrinkled surface.
Ruminate endosperm	Testa or seed coat folded into the endosperm; e.g., that of many species of Annonaceae, Myristicaceae, and Arecaceae.
Runner	A slender stolon that periodically roots to produce an offshoot of the original plant.
Running buttress	A thick, rounded buttress that extends along the ground several meters or more from the trunk. Compare with flying buttress and plank buttress.
Rupicolous	Dwelling among rocks.
Sagittate	Shaped like an arrowhead.
Salient	Raised from the surface, usually referring to veins of leaves.
Salient	Markedly raised above the surface of an organ; e.g., the midrib on the abaxial side of the leaf blade in most species of neotropical Lecythidaceae.
Salverform	Referring to the shape of a sympetalous corolla in which the tube is slender and the lobes are abruptly spreading and flat. Same as hypocrateriform and more frequenly used by authors than that term.
Samara	An indehiscent, winged fruit; e.g., those of Machaerium spp. and Vataireopsis spp. (Fabaceae).
Sap	A free-flowing exudate that can be translucent, colorless, yellow, orange, or red. It is not as thick and viscous as latex.
Saprophyte	A heterotrophic plant that is without chlorophyll, lives on decayed plant material, and usually depends on a symbiotic relationship with a fungus to obtain food.
Sapwood	The outer functional part of the xylem, i.e., the living part of the xylem that transports water and nutrients to the leaves. Same as soft bast.
Sarcotesta	Estructura carnosa que se origina en el tegumento y recubre a la semilla. Comparar con eleosoma y arilo.
Sarcotesta	A layer arising from the integument of a seed. Compare with aril and elaiosome.
Sarcotesta	A fleshy layer of the seed coat that attracts animals and aids in seed dispersal.
Savanna (also spelled savannah)	A type of vegetation with scatttered shrubs and relatively small, often contorted trees with thick bark and grasses and sedges dominating the understory.
Saxicolous	Referring to a plant that prefers growing in rocky habitats.
Scalariform	Arranged as in the rungs of a ladder; ladderlike.
Scale	Any thin, scarious bract or bracteole (usually representing a vestigial leaf found along the stems of some achlorophyllous plants such as species of Voyria (Gentianaceae); the bracteole subtending a flower of Cyperaceae; in pteridophytes, similar structures most commonly found on the rhizomes and stipe and less commonly on the fronds.
Scallop marks	A non-technical term used to describe Irregular, shallow depressions on the external surface of bark.
Scape (scapose)	A leafless, often bracteate peduncle that arises from near the base of the plant; e.g., in Xyris (Xyridaceae) and many terrestrial Orchidaceae.
Scarious	Parchmentlike; thin and dry.
Scatter-hoarding	A type of secondary seed dispersal in which some of the diaspores are carried away and intentionally buried or stored (cached) by scatter-hording animals such as agoutis (Dasyprocta spp.) while the other diaspores are eaten and digested, e.g., the dispersal of Brazil nut seeds by agoutis. Same as dysozoochorous.
Schizocarp	A dry fruit that splits into several parts (each called a mericarp), each usually with a single seed; e.g., in Apiaceae, most lianas of Malpighiaceae, some Malvaceae, and Serjania spp. (Sapindaceae).
Secondarily indehiscent fruit	Fruits that are hypothesized to have evolved indehiscent fruits from ancestors with dehiscent fruits.
Secondary hemiepiphyte	Referring to a plant (e.g., various species of Araceae) that grows from the ground onto its support and later loses its connection with the ground. Compare with epiphyte, hemiepiphyte, and primary hemipiphyte.
Secondary leaflet	The second division of a compound leaf.
Secondary pollen presentation	The presentation of pollen to the pollinator in a place other than the anther; e.g., on the style of Vochysiaceae.
Secondary pollen presentation	The presentation of pollen to the pollinator in a place other than the anther.
Secondary rachis	The rachis from which the second order of leaflets arise or the flowers from the second order of branching of an inflorescence.
Secondary vegetation	Vegetation that develops after disturbance by humans or forces of nature.
Secondary vein	A leaf vein arising from the midrib or primary vein. Same as lateral vein.
Secondary vein	A secondary vein is the second thickest vein in a leaf which arise from the midrib (= primary vein) (Hickey, 1973).
Secondary vein decurrent	Referring to a secondary vein that curves downward along the midrib.
Secondary venation	The second order of venation in a leaf blade, i.e., the veins that arise from the midrib.
Secund	Referring to leaves, branches, flowers, or other structures that arise or seem to arise from one side of an axis; e.g., the flowers of Heliotropium (Boraginaceae).
Seed	The mature ovule that contains the embryo within the seed coat.
Seed coat (= testa)	The outer covering of a seed. Same as testa.
Seed coat (= testa)	The outer covering of a seed derived from the integuments of the ovule.
Seed dormancy	Referring to seeds that do not germinate until some time after they are dispersed. Many species of secondary forests, e.g. species of Cecropia, may remain dormant for years until the right conditions become available for their germination.
Seed germination lateral	The seed germinates from the side.
Seed germination terminal	The seed germinates at the ends.
Seed wing circumferential	A wing completely surrounding the circumference of the seed.
Seed wing unilateral	The seeds of species of Allantoma and Cariniana have wings that arise from one side.
Seedling	A young plant that develops from a germinating seed, i.e., including the embryo, cotyledons (if they are present), and the first true leaves (eophylls).
Seedling	Referring to a stage in a plant's development between seed germination and the production of eophylls (= the first true leaves).
Self-compatible	Referring to a plant in which pollen from a plant can fertilize eggs of the same plant; i.e., a plant that can be self-fertilized. Compare with self-incompatible.
Self-incompatible	Referring to a plant in which pollen from a plant cannot fertilize ovules of the same plant. Compare with self-compatible.
Self-pollination	Pollination of a flowers with pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant.
Semelpary (semelparic or semelparous)	Referring to plants that die after a single episode of flowering and fruiting; e.g., many bambusoid Poaceae and Tachigali (Fabaceae). Same as hapaxanthic and semelparic and opposite of iteroparic, pleionanthic, or polycarpic.
Semilla	El óvulo maduro que contiene al embrión
Semilla alada en circunferencia	Se refiere a una semilla rodeada por un estructura similar a un ala
Sepal (sepals)	A segment of the calyx.
Septal arms present	An extension from the apex of the lower placentae that appears like arms in medial longitudinal section but in an entire flower are conical around the lower part of the stylar chamber.
Septal arms vestigial	Lack of an extension from the apex of the lower placentae that appears like arms in medial longitudinal section but in an entire flower are conical around the base of the stylar canal.
Septal unit	The shape of a section of a septum, including both the septal unit stalk and the septal unit head, as viewed in a cross section through the placenta.
Septal unit anchor-shaped	A type of septal unit headin which the sepal unit expands at the apex to form a broad and rounded head that appears somewhat like an anchor.
Septal unit arrowhead-shaped	A triangular septal unit head that is extended from each side of the base of the septal head proper to form what looks like an arrowhead when viewed in a cross-section of the ovary at slightly below the apex of the placenta.
Septal unit double bit axe-shaped	A type of septal unit which septal unit that possesses a truncate septal unit head and two basal extension and looking like a double bit axe in cross section.
Septal unit head	The expanded apical part of a septal unit which includes the head proper and many include two septal unit head extensions.
Septal unit head extension	Referring to basal extensions from a septal unit head to which the ovules are attached.
Septal unit spear-shaped	A septal unit shape with septal unit head triangular and the base ob-triangular such that it appears spear-shaped as seen in a cross-section of the ovary. In this type of septal unit, all sides of the septal unit head are slanted in orientation but the basal sides are usually, but not always, shorter than the apical sides. Species that have equal sides, i.e. appearing like a diamond, are also classified as spear-shaped.
Septal unit stalk	The part of the septum from its departure from the wall of the locule to the point at which it expands into the septal unit head.
Septate	Referring to a structure divided into chambers by partitions (septa); e.g., septate trihcomes.
Septum (pl. = septa)	A wall-like partition of a locule of an ovary that divides the ovary into chambers called locules. The septae are made up of the walls of adjacent carpels
Septum (plural = septa)	A a wall-like partition of a locule of an ovary or of a fruit (then same as dissepiment and preferred over it).
Serrada, serrado (diminutivo = serrulada, serrulado)	Se refiere a la láminas que tienen márgenes con dientes agudos orientados hacia el ápice. Compárese con dentada y erosa.
Serrate (diminutive = serrulate)	Having a margin with sharp teeth oriented toward the apex of the structure bearing them.

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