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Term	Definition
Sésil	Se aplica a hojas, inflorescencias y flores que carecen de peciolos, pedúnculos o pedicelos, respectivamente
Sessile	Stalkless, as in some leaves, inflorescences, and flowers. Same as petiole absent.
Shingle leaves	Broadly overlapping, simple, juvenile leaves that are markedly different from adult leaves of the same species; e.g., in certain species of Araceae and Marcgravia spp. (Marcgraviaceae).
Shoot apex	That part of the stem of a seedling above the point of attachment of the cotyledons. Same as epicotyl.
Short shoot	A condensed branchlet bearing leaves at the apex. The shoots are usually covered aggregated scars.
Shrub	A woody plant that is branched at the base or unbranched but less than 2 meters tall. The difference between unbranched shrubs and treelets is sometimes unclear. Compare with treelet and tree.
Shrub layer	A hypothetical stratum in rainforest forest consisting of shrubs and very small trees of tropical rain forest which is located between the ground layer and the understory tree layer. Compare with understory and emergent.
Silicle	A fruit similar to a silique but scarcely, if at all, longer than wide, characteristic of some species of Brassicaceae. Compare with silique.
Silique	An elongate (usually more than twice as long as wide) capsular fruit with two seed chambers and a persistent replum, characteristic of some species of Brassicaceae. Compare with silicle.
Simpétala	Se dice de la flor o corola que tiene los pétalos fusionados, al menos en parte. Equivalente a gamopétala. Opuesta a polipétala
Simple	Referring to an organ, such as a leaf, that is not divided into smaller units. Opposite of compound.
Simple leaf	Referring to a leaf that is not divided into smaller units. Opposite of compound.
Sinuate	Possesssing a wavy or undulate margin.
Sinuate	Possesssing a wavy or undulate margin.
Sinus	The space or recess between two lobes of a leaf, petal, or other expanded organ.
Slash	A slanted cut through the bark that reveals charcters useful in field identification of trees.
Slash	A slanted cut through the outer and inner barks that reveals characters useful in tree identification.
Smooth	A part of a plant, such as the bark or hypanthium, that does not have furrows or conspicuous outgrowth
Smooth	With a plane surface, e.g., without bumps (tuberculate), ribs (costate), wings (alate), or grooves (sulci).
Smooth hypanthium	A hypanthium that does not have furrows or conspicuous outgrowths.
Soft bast	The outer functional part of the xylem, i.e., the living part of the xylem that transports water and nutrients to the leaves. Same as sapwood.
Solitary flower (inflorescence)	Referring to the presence of a single flower in an inflorescence.
Somatic	Referring to plant cells other than reproductive cells (eggs and sperm).
Sorus (plural = sori)	An outgrowth of a fern frond that covers the sporangia.
Spadix (plural = spadices)	A congested spike with very small flowers that often is subtended by a spathe; e.g., the inflorescences of Araceae.
Spathe	A conspicuous bract that subtends or surrounds a spadix; in the Araceae, the lower part is called the tube and the upper part the blade; in Arecaceae the large, often woody bract derived from either the prophyll or peduncular bract.
Spatulate (spathulate)	Shaped like a spatula, rounded above and narrowed to the base.
Spike	An indeterminate, unbranched inflorescence with sessile flowers and the uppermost flowers the youngest. Compare with raceme.
Spikelet	A small secondary spike, such as the basic unit of the inflorescence of Cyperaceae and Poaceae; a spikelike branch of a compound inflorescence of the Bromeliaceae.
Spine	A sharp-pointed modified leaf as in most species of Cactaceae . In the palm family (Arecaceae) all sharp outgrowths, regardless of origin, are called spines.
Splitter	A person (usually a plant taxonomist) that recognizes species of plants with narrow morphological variation included in their concept of species. This often results in the recognition of species based on features that would be considered intraspecific variation by lumpers. This narrow concept of species is called splitting of species.
Spongy mesophyll	Referring to loosely group, unorganizedof cells located located between the palisade mesophyll and the abaxial epidermis. Photosynthesis takes place in both palisade and spongy mesophyll.
Sporangium (plural = sporangia)	A chamber in which spores are produced.
Spore	A reproductive cell produced by non-flowering plants (e.g., mosses, liverworts, ferns) and fungi).
Sporophyte	The spore-producing, diploid (2n) phase of a plant’s life cycle. Compare with gametophyte.
Sport	An offshoot of a branch or other part of a plant that is morphologically different from the remainder of the plant.
Spreading aril	Referring to an aril that spreads around the entire seed and, thus, looks like a sarcrotesta.
Sprout	A secondary shoot arising from the base of a tree or shrub. Preferred over sucker.
Spur	A tubular, usually nectar-producing outgrowth of a part of a flower; e.g., part of the sepal in some Vochysiaceae.
Squama (pl. = squamae, diminutive = squamella, adj. = squamate)	Scale; covered with scales.
Squama (plural = squamae, diminutive = squamella, adjective = squamate)	A scale.
Stalked vestigial stamens	Vestigial stamens that are constricted at the point they are attached to the ligule.
Stamen	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther; in the Lecythidaceae stamens are found attached to the staminal tube in those genera that have one (Allantoma, Cariniana, Grias, and Gustavia) and, as far is known, to the staminal ring of species with zygomorphic flowers. Stamens associated with the ligule are hypothesized to be staminodes bearing antherodes and not anthers.
Stamen	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther.
Stamens	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther.
Staminal lip	A rim around the adaxial side of the staminal ring.
Staminal rim	The upper edge of the staminal tube in species of Allantoma, Cariniana, Grias, and Gustavia.
Staminal rim oblique	The circular apex of a fleshy staminal tube upon which the stamens arise from slightly different levels, e.g., in some species of >Grias.
Staminal ring	A ring of stamens surrounding the pistil at the summit of the ovary.
Staminal ring lip	In zygomorphic-flowered Lecythis, a flap of tissue that extends beyond the insertion of the stamens on the lateral and anterior parts of the staminal ring.
Staminal tube	A floral tube formed by the fusion of androecial tissue, usually the filaments.
Staminal tube	A tube formed by fusion of staminal tissue.
Staminal tube extension	An expansion from the abaxial side of the staminal tube of species of Cariniana.
Staminal tube lower chamber	Differentiation in the staminal tube of species of Grias defined by the size and orientation of lower part of the tube in comparison to the upper part of the tube.
Staminal tube rim	The uppermost edge of a staminal tube.
Staminal tube upper chamber	Differentiation in the staminal tube of species of Grias defined by the size and orientation of lower part of the tube in comparison to the upper part of the tube.
Staminal tube zygomorphic	The prolongation of one side of the staminal tube of species of Cariniana.
Staminate flower	Referring to unisexual flowers with functional stamens but without functional gynoecia (pistillodes may be present). Same as male flower.
Staminode	A sterile stamen, sometimes modified such that it does not resemble a stamen; e.g., Cannaceae; in the Lecythidaceae, a sterile stamen with pollen that does not germinate.
Staminode	In the Lecythidaceae, a sterile stamen (= staminode) with pollen that does not germinate. The pollen of the yellow antherodes may serve as a reward for pollinators, especially bees. As far as we know, white anthers indicate the presence of fertile pollen and yellow antherodes indicate the presence of sterile pollen.
Staminodes geniculate.	Abruptly bent like a flexed knee.
Standard	The upper, broad petal of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae (legumes with pea-like flowers. Standard is prefered over the synonyms banner, flag, and vexillum petal.
Steady state phenology	A flowering strategy in which a few flowers are produced each day over most of the year during the reproductive life cylcle of the plant.
Stellate	Star-shaped, usually referring to trichomes.
Stellate	Star-shaped, usually referring to trichomes.
Stem	The main ascending axis of a plant.
Stem	The main ascending axis of a plant.
Stem hollow	Referring to a stem that does not have tissue in the center, e.g., the hollow stems of grasses.
Stem solid	Referring to a stem that has tissue in the middle, i.e., the cortex is solid.
Sterile hybrid	A hybrid that does not produce viable seeds.
Stick-tight	A fruit or seed that adheres to substrates such as fur or clothing.
Sticktight	A plant diaspore (e.g., an entire fruit, a fruit surrounded by calyx, a seed, etc.) that attaches by barbs or hoos to and is dispersed by an animal. Sticktights are often associated with weedy habitats and frequently attach to the clothing of humans. See "pega-pega" for Spanish translation.
Stigma	The apex of the style and the place where the pollen is carried to by pollination agents. The pollen grains germinate on the stigma and grow down the style to the ovule where a sperm from a pollen grain fertilizes an egg in an ovule.
Stigma	The part of the gynoecium receptive to pollen usually located at the summit of the style.
Stigma convoluted	A stigma that appears to coiled or twisted.

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