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Term	Definition
Stigma lined	Lines found on the stigmas of at least some species of Gustavia and Grias. In this type of stigma shape the lines are clearly separated from other parts of the ovary.
Stigma lobed	A stigma divided into separate parts.
Stigma punctiform	A stigma that is neither lobed or displays stigmatic lines.
Stigma surface lepidote	A stigma with minute scales over its surface.
Stigma surface pubescent	A stigma with septate trichomes covering what appears to be the receptive part of the stigma.
Stilt roots	Aerial, woody, adventitious roots that are circular in transverse section. Stilt roots are not densely aggregated so light can be seen between the individual stilt roots; e.g., in Socratea exorrhiza (Arecaceae).
Stipe	Referring to the stalk of a fern frond, the equivalent of a petiole in the flowering plants.
Stipe (stipitate)	The term stipe has several different meanings: 1) in Arecaceae (palms) it is used to indicate the presence of a trunk, 2) in some Orchidaceae, a stipe is a nonsticky, elastic tissue derived from the column and connecting the pollinia to the viscidium; 3) a stalk supporting the ovary but generally much shorter than the stalk of a species with a gynophore; and 4) the stalk of a fern frond, the equivalent of a petiole in the flowering plants. A species or structure that has a stipe is said to be stipitate.
Stipel (stipellate)	A small stipule at the base of leaflets and not at the base of the leaf as is the case with a true stipule, e.g., species of Andira; stipels are only found in compound leaves and a leaf that bears them is referred to as a stipellate leaf.
Stipulate	Possessing stipules.
Stipule	A reduced leaflike or bractlike appendage, either solitary or paired, inserted at the base of the petiole and variable in morphology.
Stipule	A reduced leaflike or bractlike appendage, either solitary or paired, inserted at the base of the petiole and variable in morphology.
Stipule scar	Referring to the scars left on the stem after the stipules have fallen. Because many stipules are caducous, one has to look carefully for scars to determine if stipules were present at an earlier stage of development.
Stolon (stoloniferous)	A horizontal stem that is located above the ground and usually produces adventitious roots and vertical stems at the nodes. Stoloniferous refers to a plant that bears stolons.
Stomatal crypt	A pit, usually on the abaxial leaf surface, in which the stomates of some species occur.
Stomatal crypt	A pit, usually on the abaxial leaf blade surface, in which the stomates of nearly all species of occur.
Stomate (pl. = stomates) (= stoma sing. and stomata pl.)	A small opening, usually in the abaxial surface of leaves, through which gases utilized and produced in photosynthesis pass into and out of the leaves.
Stomate (plural = stomates) (= stoma and stomata)	A small opening, usually in the abaxial surface of leaves, through which gases utilized and produced in photosynthesis pass into and out of the leaves.
Stone	The nut or nutlet in a drupe; i.e., the hardened part of a drupe or a duplet (= endocarp) containing a single seed. In non-scientific language it is called the pit.
Strangler	A plant that grows upon another plant in such a way that its roots surround the host and eventually cause it to die; e.g., in some species of Ficus (Moraceae). A strangler can become a free-standing tree after the host plant dies.
Stratification	Referring to the formation of layers in a forest, i.e., the herbaceous, shrub, understory tree, canopy tree, and emergent tree strata or layers.
Striation	A fine longitudinal line, ridge, or groove.
Striation (striate)	A fine line, ridge, groove, or streaks of color, an organ with striations is said to be striations.
Stylar canal	A hollow channel that runs from the stigma for most of the length of the style which is thought to faciltate the growth of pollen tubes to the ovary, the ovules, and eventually the egg.
Stylar collar	An annular expansion on the style; e.g., in some species of Melastomataceae and Lecythis zabucajo (Lecythidaceae).
Stylar collar	A ring-like expansion encircling the style just below the stigma.
Style	The part of the gynoecium between the ovary and the stigma. A style is not always present.
Style	The part of the gynoecium between the summit of the ovary and the stigma.
Style erect	A style that does not bend or slants away from the vertical axis of the ovary.
Style geniculate	A well-defined style that is abruptly bent like a flexed knee.
Style head	The expanded distal part of the style, including the stigma, in some species of Apocynaceae. Same as clavuncle.
Style oblique	Slanting from the verticle.
Stylopodium	An enlargement at the base of the style as in some species of Apiaceae and Lamiaceae.
Submerged	A structure, such as a vein, emeshed in the tissue in which it occurs to such an extent that it is not visibile; usually referring to leaf veins that are not visible and not projecting above the surface of the leaf blade.
Suborbiculate	A suborbiculate shape is widest at the middle and possesses a length to width ratio of greater than 1.2:1 to 1.5:1. Based on Hickey (1973). For more information about leaf morphology and leaf architecture see Ellis et al. (2009).
Subsidiary cells	Epidermal cells that surround stomates and are different in shape, size, or position from other epidermal cells.
Subsidiary cells	Epidermal cells that surround stomates and are different in shape, size, or position from other epidermal cells.
Succulent	Fleshy and juicy, many species of Cactaceae and some species of Euphorbiaceae are succulent.
Sucker	A secondary shoot arising from the base of a tree or shrub or from the bases of many monocots. Same as sprout which is the prefered term.
Sulcado	Surcado o con hendiduras; por ejemplo, el tronco de algunas especies de Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Equivalente a acanalado. A una escala menor, se podría referir a los surcos del hipantio de una flor, como a aquellos dispuestos verticalmente, abajo de entre los lóbulos del cáliz de Lecythis mesophylla
Sulcate	Furrowed or grooved.
Sulcate	Furrowed or grooved; e.g., the trunk of some species of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). On a larger scale same as fluted. On a smaller scale, it may refer to groves of the seed of Elaeagnus bullatum or those extend downward from between the calyx-lobes of Lecythis mesophylla.
Sulcate hypanthium	Refers to a hypanthium that is furrowed or grooved.
Sulcus (plural = sulci)	A furrow or groove.
Superior ovary	An ovary of a hypogynous or perigynous flower in which the sepals, petals, and stamens arise from beneath or around the ovary (= hypogynous) or from the rim of a hypanthium (=perigynous).
Supra adjacent secondary vein	Referring to the relationship of two secondary veins, in this case referring to a secondary vein that is above another (i.e., in a apical or distal position in relationship to the other).
Supracalycine zone	The area between the calycine ring and the line of opercular dehiscence in a dehiscent-fruited Lecythidaceae.
Supracalycine zone erect	The supracalycine zone goes straight up from the calycine ring to the opercular rim.
Supracalycine zone tapered	The supracalycine zone of the fruit tapers to the opercular rim.
Suprafoliar inflorescence	Referring to an inflorescences that arises from above the leaves.
Suprafoliar inflorescence	Referring to an inflorescences that arises from above the leaves.
Suprafolilar	Referring to a structure that occurs above the leaves
Suture	A line of fusion (e.g., the valves of the carpels of an ovary) or a line of dehiscence (e.g., the lines along which anthers or fruits open).
Syconium (plural = syconia)	A hollow, fruitlike receptacle lined by tiny achenes, the characteristic inflorescence of figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae). Also called figs.
Symbiosis (symbiotic)	Referring to two organisms that live together in what can be beneficial to both organisms (mutualism) or beneficial to one and harmful to the other (e.g., parasitism).
Symbiotic	Referring to two different organisms living together in close association and benefiting from that association; e.g., mycorhizzal associations between fungi and plants are symbiotic as well as are ants living in the domatia of Tococa guianensis.
Symmetric	Referring to a structure that can be divided into mirror-image halves. This and its associated terms are usually, but not exclusively, applied to flowers. Opposite of asymmetric; compare with actinomorphic and zygomorphic.
Sympetalous corolla	Having petals united for at least part of their length. Same as gamopetalous; opposite of polypetalous and choripetalous.
Sympodial growth	Referring to a branching pattern in which the terminal bud ceases to grow and growth is continued from a lateral bud; e.g., in most arborescent Combretaceae and some orchids. Sympodial growth often gives a zig-zag appearence to the stem or branches.
Synandry (synandrous)	Having united anthers.
Syngynesious anthers	Anthers cohering in a ring; e.g., in the Asteraceae.
Synonym (adj. = synonymous)	A plant name that represents the same species of another name that is valid, e.g., Lecythis minor Jacq. was published in 1763 and subsequently Lecythis elliptica Kunth was published in 1825. By the law of priority, Lecythis elliptica is a synonym of Lecythis minor.
Synsepalous calyx	Having sepals united for at least part of their length. Same as gamosepalous.
Tack-shaped	The form of an operculum that possesses a woody extension from the middle of its interior. The opeculum and its extension appear like a large tack.
Tahuampa	A Spanish term referring to forest growing in areas periodically indundated by alkaline, café au lait-colored water (also called white water).
Taproot	A large primary root, markedly larger than other roots arising from it, that may persist in adult plants and is characteristic of dicots. Compare with fibrous roots.
Taxon (plural = taxa)	A taxonomic unit regardless of rank, such as family, genus, or species.
Tendril	Coiled or spring-like extensions of a stem, stipules, leaves, part of a leaf, inflorescence that assist in climbing into shrubs and trees. Common iin Bignoniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Passifloraceae, Sapindaceae, Vitaceae, and other plant families.
Tendril at right angle	Referring to a tendrial that arises at a right angle to the leaf, e.g., species of Cucurbitaceae.
Tendril axillary	A tendril that arise in the axil of a leaf blade, e.g., species of Passiflora.
Tendril leaf opposed	A tendril that arises opposite the insertion of a leaf; for example, Parthenocissus quinquefolia and many othe species of Vitaceae.
Tepal	A uniseriate perianth in which it can not be determined if the segments are sepals or petals, e.g., the segments of the perianth of a tulip.
Tepui	A Spanish term referring to the flat-topped mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, and Suriname that are dominated by a highly endemic flora.
Terete	Circular in transverse section.
Terminal bud	A bud that terminates the end of a stem or a twig.

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