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Term	Definition
Awn (awned)	The terminal extension of the midrib of an organ such as a bract (bearing awns).
Axile placentation	A type of ovule arrangement in which the ovules arise from placental tissue derived from the apices of the septa of a locule. In this type of placentation the apices of the septa are fused or in very close proximity to one another.
Axillary	Arising from an axil; for example, an axillary bud arising in the axil between the stem and the petiole.
Axillary bud	A bud that arises in a leaf axil. Same as lateral bud.
Axillary inflorescence	A inflorescence that arises from a leaf axil
Axillary inflorescence	An inflorescence that arises from a leaf axil
Baccate	Berrylike. See berry.
Ballistic dispersal	A type of dispersal in which seeds are ejected from the fruits upon dehiscence. Same as autochorous.
Banner	The upper, broad petal of Fabaceae. Same as standard, banner, and vexillum with standard the preferred term.
Barbate (diminutive = barbellate)	Bearded or tufted with hairs.
Bark	All tissue of the trunk and branches external to the vascular cambium.
Bark	The tissue of the trunk and branches external to the vascular cambium.
Bark fissured	Bark with distinct longitudinal grooves.
Bark not fissured	A bark that does not have conspicuous vertically oriented fissures.
Bark rough	Bark without fissures and scallops yet with very shallow irregular cracs and often shedding small pieces of bark.
Bark scalloped	A bark that peels in irregular plates that leave conspicuous depressions.
Bark slightly fissured	Bark with vertical fissures that are less than 5 mm deep.
Bark smooth	A bark without fissures, scallops, or roughness.
Basal	Toward the base. Opposite of apical. Same as proximal.
Basal aril	An aril located at the base of the seed.
Basal placentation	A type of placentation in which the ovules arise from the base of the locule.
Basal rosette	Referring to an arrangement of leaves radiating from the base of the stem and usually placed close to the ground.
Basal-lateral aril	An aril starting at the base and extending part way up the side of the seed.
Basidiomycetes	A type of fungus that produces its spores on club-shaped structures called basidia, including some of the more conspicuous fungi such as mushrooms, bracket fungi, and puffballs. Many basidiomycetes form mycorrhizal association with flowering plants.
Basifixed	Attached at the bottom or the base; e.g., the anthers of many plants.
Bat dispersal	Referring to diaspores that are carried away from the mother plant by bats. Most bat-dispersed seeds dispersed by bats have either berry-like fruits or fruits with the seeds provided with a fleshy associated structure such as an aril. A few other species have the fruits surrounded by a fleshy perianth (e.g., the diaspores of species of Cecropia). Same as chiropterochory.
Bat-pollination	Same as chiropterophily.
Berry	A usually soft, fleshy or juicy, multiseeded, indehiscent fruit (e.g., Solanum spp., Solanaceae).
Bi-	A prefix meaning “two.”
Biennial	A plant that completes its life cycle in two seasons. Compare with annual and perennial.
Bifid	Cleft into two often more-or-less acute lobes at the apex; for example, the apex of a leaf of Cyclanthus bipartitus.
Bifurcate	Splitting into two equal parts at the apex; forked.
Bifurcate	Once-branched; for example the style of most species of Asteraceae have bifurcate styles. Same as bifid.
Big bang phenology	A flowering strategy in which a plant produces very large numbers of flowers for a very short period of time. See multiple bang and steady state phenology.
Bilaterally symmetrical flower	A flower capable of being divided into only two equal parts (mirror images) by a line passing through the middle of a flower, i.e., other lines passing the middle of the flower will not give mirror images of one another; same as zygomorphic, monosymmetric, and irregular flowers and opposite of actinomorphic, monosymmetric, radially symmetrical, and regular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well.
Bilocular	Having two locules.
Binomial nomenclature	A system used to name plants devised by Linnaeus in 1753 in his Systema Plantarum in which a two-parted name is given to a species of plant, i.e., the genus and the species. For example, Lecythis ollaria L. is a binomial name assigned by Linnaeus to this species.
Biota	The totality of organisms found in a given environment.
Bipinnada	Dos veces pinnada; por ejemplo, las hojas de muchas especies de Fabaceae-Mimosoideae. Ver pinnada
Bipinnate, bipinnately compound	Twice-pinnate; e.g., leaves of many species of Fabaceae-Mimosaceae. See pinnate.
Biseriate perianth	Referring to a perianth with two whorls or rows; i. e. with both calyx and corolla. Compare with uniseriate.
Bisexual flower	Referring to a flower with a functional androecium and a functional gynoecium. Same as perfect.
Bladder	A thin-walled, inflated, small sac found in species of Utricularia. The function of these sacs is to capture very small organisms, such as mosquito larvae, which are decomposed and the nutrients (e.g., nitrogen) released are then assimilated by the plant.
Bladder-like	Sac-like, inflated structures that surrounds seeds some structure, e.g., the fruits of plants such as Staphylea trifolia.
Blade	The expanded part of the leaf supported by the petiole
Blade	The expanded portion of a leaf or other structure such as a petal; when it is a leaf the stalkt is called the petiole and when it is a petal the narrowed part is the claw. Same as lamina.
Blaze	A slanted cut through the bark that reveals charcters useful in field identification of trees.
Bole	In trees, the unbranched portion of the stem. Same as trunk.
Bole	The main stem of a tree between the buttresses and the crown. Compare with trunk.
Bract	A reduced and frequently otherwise differentiated leaf often associated with inflorescences and sometimes subtending a flower.
Bract	A reduced and frequently otherwise differentiated leaf that is often associated with inflorescences and subtends the pedicels of flowers.
Bracteole	A small bract usually inserted on the pedicel.
Bracteole (adj. = bracteolate)	A small bract usually inserted on the pedicel. In the Lecythidaceae bbracteoles usually are in pairs inserted on pedicels.
Bracteoles above articulation	Bracteoles inserted above the articulation in the pedicel/hypanthium continuum of Lecythidaceae.
Bracteoles above articulation	Bracteoles inserted above the bracteoles in the pedicel/hypanthium continuum of Lecythidaceae.
Bracteoles below articulation	Bracteoles inserted below the articulation in the pedicel/hypanthium continuum of Lecythidaceae.
Bracteoles below articulation	Bracteoles inserted below the articulation in the pedicel/hypanthium continuum of Lecythidaceae.
Branch	All divisions of a plant.
Branch	A division of the stem, or other axis of growth of a plant.
Branched inflorescence	An inflorescence with at least two orders of rachises, i.e., the central rachis has branches emanating from it.
Bromeliad	A member of the plant family Bromeliaceae.
Broquidódroma, broquidódromo	Se refiere a un tipo de disposición de los nervios en las hojas, en la que los nervios secundarios no terminan en el margen, sino que antes de llegar al margen éstos se arquean y unen entre sí para formar un nervio submarginal; por ejemplo, en las Myrtaceae. Comparar con camptódroma
Bud	A young shoot from which leaves or flowers may develop, the former is a leaf bud and the latter is a flower bud.
Bud	A young shoot from which leaves or flowers may develop, the former is a leaf bud and the latter is a flower bud.
Bud naked	Referring to a bud that is not covered by bud scales.
Bud scale	A reduced leaf that encloses a bud.
Bud scale	Bracts that subtend either a vegetative or a reproductive bud.
Bulb	A short, underground stem covered by enlarged and fleshy leaf bases, e.g., an onion.
Bulbil	A small bulblike structure that functions in asexual reproduction, usually formed in axils or sinuses of leaves.
Bulblet	A small, short, more-or-less underground stem covered by enlarged and fleshy leaf bases which arises from a bulb, a bublet may eventially grow into a bulb; a bulblike, above ground structure, usually in leaf axils or sometimes in inflorescences.
Bullate	Blistered or bulging up between the higher order veins on the adaxial surface.
Burital	A Portuguese name referring to palm swamps dominated by moriche palms Mauritia flexuosa. Same as aguajal and morichal in Spanish.
Buttress	An outgrowth at the base of a tree trunk thought to support trees when they grown on unstable soil or on steep slopes.
Buzz pollination	A type of pollination in which bees vibrate their indirect flight muscles to cause the release of pollen, usually from poricidal anthers; e.g., in many species of Solanum (Solanaceae).
Caatinga	A Portuguese term referring to a dry, thorn-scrub, deciduous vegetation of northeastern Brazil. Do not confuse eastern Brazilian caatinga with Amazonian caatinga.

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