Taxon Details: Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
Taxon Profile:
Narratives:
Family:
Simaroubaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Simaroubaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Common Names:
tree of heaven, ailanthus, tree-of-heaven, copal tree
tree of heaven, ailanthus, tree-of-heaven, copal tree
Description:
Author: Scott A. Mori
Description: Trees, fast growing. Leaf-bearing stems thick. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, to 1 m long, with up to 30 pairs of opposite leaflets, the terminal leaflet sometimes poorly developed or absent, with inconspicuous glands (best seen on the abaxial surface) on some leaflet bases. Plants unisexual (dioecious) but some times with bisexual flowers. Flowers 5 merous, mostly green or yellow-green; ovary superior, the carpels separate. Fruits monocarps (each monocarp derived from a separate carpel of a flower), the monocarps winged.
Distribution: Originally native to eastern Asia. Introduced in the United States in the late 1700's as an urban ornamental tree. Now established in most states of the United States and eastern Canada as well as in other countries.
Ecology: Usually found along roadsides. This species tolerates poor soil and withstands pollination, thus, it is able to grow in cities. Flowers in summer and seeds dispersed by the wind in late summer and early fall.
Similar species: None in the norheastern United States.
Control: This species is difficult to control because it produces vast numbers of monocarps that are dispersed by the wind and because once a tree becomes established it also reproduces vegetatively by suckers from their roots. In addition, seedlings remain viable in the soil for at least several years after the mother trees have been cut down. See Grover et al. (2004) for more information about controlling this invasive species.
Author: Scott A. Mori
Description: Trees, fast growing. Leaf-bearing stems thick. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, to 1 m long, with up to 30 pairs of opposite leaflets, the terminal leaflet sometimes poorly developed or absent, with inconspicuous glands (best seen on the abaxial surface) on some leaflet bases. Plants unisexual (dioecious) but some times with bisexual flowers. Flowers 5 merous, mostly green or yellow-green; ovary superior, the carpels separate. Fruits monocarps (each monocarp derived from a separate carpel of a flower), the monocarps winged.
Distribution: Originally native to eastern Asia. Introduced in the United States in the late 1700's as an urban ornamental tree. Now established in most states of the United States and eastern Canada as well as in other countries.
Ecology: Usually found along roadsides. This species tolerates poor soil and withstands pollination, thus, it is able to grow in cities. Flowers in summer and seeds dispersed by the wind in late summer and early fall.
Similar species: None in the norheastern United States.
Control: This species is difficult to control because it produces vast numbers of monocarps that are dispersed by the wind and because once a tree becomes established it also reproduces vegetatively by suckers from their roots. In addition, seedlings remain viable in the soil for at least several years after the mother trees have been cut down. See Grover et al. (2004) for more information about controlling this invasive species.
Flora and Monograph Treatment(s):
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle: [Book] Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.
Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle: [Book] Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.
Related Objects:
• S. McCoy 1242, United States of America
• J. Martinsons 3, United States of America
• D. L. Curtis 223, United States of America
• J. B. Nelson 18452, United States of America
• C. R. Bell 9355, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• N. L. Britton s.n., United States of America
• J. H. Barnhart 1646a, United States of America
• C. A. Hollick s.n., United States of America
• A. M. Vail s.n., United States of America
• A. M. Vail, United States of America
• G. Jermy, United States of America
• Sister Vincent de Paul, United States of America
• M. E. Hyams 5021, United States of America
• J. K. Small s.n., United States of America
• E. J. Grimes 3145, United States of America
• L. T. Chamberlain s.n., United States of America
• F. H. Tuthill 11, United States of America
• S. H. Burnham 455, United States of America
• C. D. Lippincott s.n., United States of America
• J. K. Small s.n., United States of America
• G. T. Hastings s.n., United States of America
• E. N. Plank s.n., United States of America
• G. W. Wilson s.n., United States of America
• E. J. Grimes 746, United States of America
• E. J. Grimes 2171, United States of America
• O. K. Stark 404, United States of America
• J. P. James 4750, United States of America
• C. C. Curtis s.n., United States of America
• J. H. Barnhart 1646b, United States of America
• C. C. Curtis, United States of America
• C. C. Curtis s.n., United States of America
• H. P. Sartwell, United States of America
• E. H. Day, United States of America
• W. C. Ferguson, United States of America
• W. C. Ferguson, United States of America
• W. M. Canby, United States of America
• H. K. D. Eggert s.n., United States of America
• A. H. Young s.n., United States of America
• M. McKee 805, United States of America
• S. Morrill 51, United States of America
• K. K. Mackenzie 7039, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 9982, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 1870, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 20272, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 2589, United States of America
• J. H. Lehr 509, United States of America
• L. C. Higgins 431, United States of America
• L. C. Hinckley 1233, United States of America
• E. M. Gress 10076, United States of America
• M. A. Franklin 4181, United States of America
• A. N. Steward 7344, United States of America
• J. H. Christ 9070, United States of America
• R. A. Evers 110, United States of America
• L. Smitham 482, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 10334, United States of America
• S. L. Welsh 27776, United States of America
• R. M. Kriebel 135, United States of America
• G. F. Buddell, Magnoliophyta; North America
• G. F. Buddell, Magnoliophyta; North America
• W. E. Niles 1228, United States of America
• R. D. Worthington 13312, United States of America
• C. F. Marx s.n., United States of America
• D. E. Atha 6542, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 9569, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 10644, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14123, United States of America
• W. D. Longbottom 17879, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• W. D. Longbottom 11569, United States of America
• W. D. Longbottom 11815, United States of America
• W. D. Longbottom 13891, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• J. Macoun s.n., Canada
• C. N. Fraga 3558, Brazil
• S. A. Mori 28172, United States of America
• J. C. Roos 6117, United States of America
• C. F. Baker s.n., United States of America
• L. C. Hinckley 1233, United States of America
• T. S. Ross s.n., United States of America
• J. K. Small s.n., United States of America
• R. D. Thomas 101078, United States of America
• V. Bustamante 551, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 43566, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 27131, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 37802, United States of America
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• M. H. Nee 24400, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 58125, United States of America
• S. L. Clarke s.n., United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• D. B. Dunn 13589, United States of America
• S. A. Thompson 1139, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• D. E. Atha 5966, Georgia
• S. R. Hill 9448, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 19783, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 11831, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 11832, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 14272, United States of America
• J. R. Crutchfield 1974, United States of America
• H. R. Loconte 1069, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• M. C. Pace 304, United States of America
• M. C. Pace 267, United States of America
• W. D. Longbottom 23244, United States of America
• G. V. Nash 2672, United States of America
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• E. Roy 28, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• H. K. D. Eggert s.n., United States of America
• P. Wilson s.n., United States of America
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• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Collector unspecified, United States of America
• T. F. Allen s.n., United States of America
• J. Martinsons 3, United States of America
• D. L. Curtis 223, United States of America
• J. B. Nelson 18452, United States of America
• C. R. Bell 9355, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• N. L. Britton s.n., United States of America
• J. H. Barnhart 1646a, United States of America
• C. A. Hollick s.n., United States of America
• A. M. Vail s.n., United States of America
• A. M. Vail, United States of America
• G. Jermy, United States of America
• Sister Vincent de Paul, United States of America
• M. E. Hyams 5021, United States of America
• J. K. Small s.n., United States of America
• E. J. Grimes 3145, United States of America
• L. T. Chamberlain s.n., United States of America
• F. H. Tuthill 11, United States of America
• S. H. Burnham 455, United States of America
• C. D. Lippincott s.n., United States of America
• J. K. Small s.n., United States of America
• G. T. Hastings s.n., United States of America
• E. N. Plank s.n., United States of America
• G. W. Wilson s.n., United States of America
• E. J. Grimes 746, United States of America
• E. J. Grimes 2171, United States of America
• O. K. Stark 404, United States of America
• J. P. James 4750, United States of America
• C. C. Curtis s.n., United States of America
• J. H. Barnhart 1646b, United States of America
• C. C. Curtis, United States of America
• C. C. Curtis s.n., United States of America
• H. P. Sartwell, United States of America
• E. H. Day, United States of America
• W. C. Ferguson, United States of America
• W. C. Ferguson, United States of America
• W. M. Canby, United States of America
• H. K. D. Eggert s.n., United States of America
• A. H. Young s.n., United States of America
• M. McKee 805, United States of America
• S. Morrill 51, United States of America
• K. K. Mackenzie 7039, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 9982, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 1870, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 20272, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 2589, United States of America
• J. H. Lehr 509, United States of America
• L. C. Higgins 431, United States of America
• L. C. Hinckley 1233, United States of America
• E. M. Gress 10076, United States of America
• M. A. Franklin 4181, United States of America
• A. N. Steward 7344, United States of America
• J. H. Christ 9070, United States of America
• R. A. Evers 110, United States of America
• L. Smitham 482, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 10334, United States of America
• S. L. Welsh 27776, United States of America
• R. M. Kriebel 135, United States of America
• G. F. Buddell, Magnoliophyta; North America
• G. F. Buddell, Magnoliophyta; North America
• W. E. Niles 1228, United States of America
• R. D. Worthington 13312, United States of America
• C. F. Marx s.n., United States of America
• D. E. Atha 6542, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 9569, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 10644, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14123, United States of America
• W. D. Longbottom 17879, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• W. D. Longbottom 11569, United States of America
• W. D. Longbottom 11815, United States of America
• W. D. Longbottom 13891, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• J. Macoun s.n., Canada
• C. N. Fraga 3558, Brazil
• S. A. Mori 28172, United States of America
• J. C. Roos 6117, United States of America
• C. F. Baker s.n., United States of America
• L. C. Hinckley 1233, United States of America
• T. S. Ross s.n., United States of America
• J. K. Small s.n., United States of America
• R. D. Thomas 101078, United States of America
• V. Bustamante 551, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 43566, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 27131, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 37802, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 32572, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 24400, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 58125, United States of America
• S. L. Clarke s.n., United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• D. B. Dunn 13589, United States of America
• S. A. Thompson 1139, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• D. E. Atha 5966, Georgia
• S. R. Hill 9448, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 19783, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 11831, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 11832, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 14272, United States of America
• J. R. Crutchfield 1974, United States of America
• H. R. Loconte 1069, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• M. C. Pace 304, United States of America
• M. C. Pace 267, United States of America
• W. D. Longbottom 23244, United States of America
• G. V. Nash 2672, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 7947, United States of America
• E. Roy 28, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• H. K. D. Eggert s.n., United States of America
• P. Wilson s.n., United States of America
• P. Wilson 10865, United States of America
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle
• Collector unspecified, United States of America
• T. F. Allen s.n., United States of America