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Term	Definition
Superposed	One structure placed over another.
Supervolute	Referring to a type of leaf vernation in which the blade margins are unequally inrolled adaxially such that one of the margins overlaps the other. Compare with involute.
Supra adjacent secondary vein	Referring to the relationship of two secondary veins, in this case referring to a secondary vein that is above another (i.e., in a apical or distal position in relationship to the other).
Supracalycine zone	The area between the calycine ring and the line of opercular dehiscence in a dehiscent-fruited Lecythidaceae.
Supracalycine zone erect	The supracalycine zone goes straight up from the calycine ring to the opercular rim.
Supracalycine zone tapered	The supracalycine zone of the fruit tapers to the opercular rim.
Suprafoliar	Referring to a structure that arises above the leaves
Suprafoliar inflorescence	Referring to an inflorescences that arises from above the leaves.
Suprafoliar inflorescence	Referring to an inflorescences that arises from above the leaves.
Suprafolilar	Referring to a structure that occurs above the leaves
Supraxillary	Arising from above the axial.
Suture	A line of fusion (e.g., the valves of the carpels of an ovary) or a line of dehiscence (e.g., the lines along which anthers or fruits open).
Syconium (plural = syconia)	A hollow, fruitlike receptacle lined by tiny achenes, the characteristic inflorescence of figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae). Also called figs.
Symbiosis (symbiotic)	Referring to two organisms that live together in what can be beneficial to both organisms (mutualism) or beneficial to one and harmful to the other (e.g., parasitism).
Symbiotic	Referring to two different organisms living together in close association and benefiting from that association; e.g., mycorhizzal associations between fungi and plants are symbiotic as well as are ants living in the domatia of Tococa guianensis.
Symmetric	Referring to a structure that can be divided into mirror-image halves. This and its associated terms are usually, but not exclusively, applied to flowers. Opposite of asymmetric; compare with actinomorphic and zygomorphic.
Symmetric flower	Same as actinomorphic flower.
Sympatric	Referring to species that have overlapping geographic ranges.
Sympetalous corolla	Having petals united for at least part of their length. Same as gamopetalous; opposite of polypetalous and choripetalous.
Sympodial growth	Referring to a branching pattern in which the terminal bud ceases to grow and growth is continued from a lateral bud; e.g., in most arborescent Combretaceae and some orchids. Sympodial growth often gives a zig-zag appearence to the stem or branches.
Synandrium (plural = synandria)	The structure resulting from the cohesion of the anthers of separate male flowers in some Araceae; an androecium with united filaments; e.g., Campanulaceae.
Synandroidium (plural = synandroidia)	A structure formed by the coherence of staminodes of separate flowers in some Araceae.
Synandry (synandrous)	Having united anthers.
Synapomorphic	Referring to a derived feature shared by two or more taxa which is evidence of common ancestry.
Syncarp	A type of multiple fruit resulting from the fusion of numerous ovaries.
Syncephalous	Referring to an inflorescence of fused capitula.
Synflorescence	A number of separate inflorescences clustered such that they appear as a single inflorescence; e.g., in Monotagma spp. (Marantaceae).
Syngynesious anthers	Anthers cohering in a ring; e.g., in the Asteraceae.
Synonym (adj. = synonymous)	A plant name that represents the same species of another name that is valid, e.g., Lecythis minor Jacq. was published in 1763 and subsequently Lecythis elliptica Kunth was published in 1825. By the law of priority, Lecythis elliptica is a synonym of Lecythis minor.
Synsepalous calyx	Having sepals united for at least part of their length. Same as gamosepalous.
Syntype	Any of two or more specimens cited in a species description in which a holotype type was not designated.
Synzoochorous	A type of dispersal in which the diaspore is not ingested but is deliberately carried away from the parent plant by animals, mostly in their mouths, to eat in another place. Includes stomatochorous and dysozoochorous dispersal.
Systematics	The study of diversification of life on earth, both past and present, and the relationships of living things through time, i.e., their evolutionary relationships. Some authors equate systematics and taxonomy where others distinguish the two by limiting systematics to the study of evolutionary relationships and taxonomy to the discovery and description of taxa.
Systematist	A scientist who studies systematics.
T-shaped	Referring to a trichome attached in the middle to a stalk.
Tack-shaped	The form of an operculum that possesses a woody extension from the middle of its interior. The opeculum and its extension appear like a large tack.
Tahuampa	A Spanish term referring to forest growing in areas periodically indundated by alkaline, café au lait-colored water (also called white water).
Taiga	Referring to the coniferous forests extending across much of subarctic North America and Eurasia; also know as boreal forests.
Tanniferous	Containing or yielding tannin.
Tannin	General term for a heterogeneous group of secondary, water-soluble plant compounds derived from phenols that often give a dark appearance to the cells in which they are found.
Taproot	A large primary root, markedly larger than other roots arising from it, that may persist in adult plants and is characteristic of dicots. Compare with fibrous roots.
Taxon (plural = taxa)	A taxonomic unit regardless of rank, such as family, genus, or species.
Taxonomist	A scientist who studies taxonomy.
Taxonomy	The sudy and description of variation of organisms and the subsequent classification and naming of that variation. Some authors equate systematics and taxonomy whereas others distinguish the two by limiting systematics to the study of evolutionary relationships and taxonomy to the discovery and description of taxa.
Teca	Es la cámara de una antera en la que se produce el polen
Tendril	Coiled or spring-like extensions of a stem, stipules, leaves, part of a leaf, inflorescence that assist in climbing into shrubs and trees. Common iin Bignoniaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Passifloraceae, Sapindaceae, Vitaceae, and other plant families.
Tendril at right angle	Referring to a tendrial that arises at a right angle to the leaf, e.g., species of Cucurbitaceae.
Tendril axillary	A tendril that arise in the axil of a leaf blade, e.g., species of Passiflora.
Tendril leaf opposed	A tendril that arises opposite the insertion of a leaf; for example, Parthenocissus quinquefolia and many othe species of Vitaceae.
Tendrillate	Bearing tendrils or tendril-like structures.
Tenuinucelada, tenuinucelado	Se refiere a la nucela que está compuesta de la epidermis y el saco embrionario. Comparar con crassinucelada.
Tenuinucellar	Referring to a nucellus composed of the epidermis and an embryo sac. Compare with crassinucellar.
Tepal	A uniseriate perianth in which it can not be determined if the segments are sepals or petals, e.g., the segments of the perianth of a tulip.
Tépalo	Un segmento del perianto en el que los sépalos y pétalos no están claramente diferenciados; un segmento del perianto cuyo origen es desconocido, ya sea de los sépalos o pétalos
Tepui	A Spanish term referring to the flat-topped mountains of Venezuela, Colombia, Guyana, and Suriname that are dominated by a highly endemic flora.
Terete	Circular in transverse section.
Terminal	At the apex of an axis.
Terminal bud	A bud that terminates the end of a stem or a twig.
Terminal inflorescence	Referring to an inflorescences that arises from above the leaves
Terminal leaflet	In a pinnately compound leaf, the leaflet at the end of the rachis. Note that pinnately compound leaves with terminal leaflets are imparipinnate ( = odd pinnate).
Terminal style	Referring to a style that arises from the summit of the ovary.
Ternate leaves	In groupings of three; e.g., the ternately compound leaves of some species of Sapindaceae.
Terra firme	A Portuguese term referring to land not subject to periodic flooding. Same as tierra firme in Spanish or non-inundated forest in English.
Terra firme	A Portuguese term referring to land not subject to periodic flooding. Same as tierra firme in Spanish or non-inundated forest in English.
Terrestre	Que crece sobre el suelo. Se aplica a plantas cuyas raíces se desarrollan en el suelo.
Terrestrial	Growing upon the ground, referring to a plant with its root system anchored in the ground.
Tertiary vein	A tertiary vein is the third thickest vein in the leaf. They arise from the secondary veins (Hickey, 1973).
Tertiary venation	The third degree or third smallest veins in a leaf blade, arising from the secondary veins.
Tessellate	Arranged in small squares or patterned like a checkerboard.
test	—
Testa	See seed coat.
Tetra-	A prefix meaning four.
Tetrad	A group of four pollen grains.
Tetrad	Referring to pollen grains that remain in groups of four after meiois; in most species of flowering plants the tetrads separate into four monads immediately after meiosis.
Tetradynamous	Having four long stamens and two short stamens; e.g., in Brassicaceae.

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