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Term	Definition
Slash	A slanted cut through the outer and inner barks that reveals characters useful in tree identification.
Smooth	A part of a plant, such as the bark or hypanthium, that does not have furrows or conspicuous outgrowth
Smooth	With a plane surface, e.g., without bumps (tuberculate), ribs (costate), wings (alate), or grooves (sulci).
Smooth hypanthium	A hypanthium that does not have furrows or conspicuous outgrowths.
Soft bast	The outer functional part of the xylem, i.e., the living part of the xylem that transports water and nutrients to the leaves. Same as sapwood.
Solitary flower (inflorescence)	Referring to the presence of a single flower in an inflorescence.
Somatic	Referring to plant cells other than reproductive cells (eggs and sperm).
Sordid	Of a dull, dingy, or muddy color.
Sorus (plural = sori)	An outgrowth of a fern frond that covers the sporangia.
Sotobosque	Estrato inmediato al nivel del suelo dentro de un bosque, constuituido por herbáceas, arbustos bajos y plántulas de arbolillos y lianas.
sp. (plural = spp.)	Abbreviation for a species (abbreviation for more than one species = spp.).
Spadix (plural = spadices)	A congested spike with very small flowers that often is subtended by a spathe; e.g., the inflorescences of Araceae.
Spathaceous	Spathelike; in the Bignoniaceae, referring to the split calyx found in some species.
Spathe	A conspicuous bract that subtends or surrounds a spadix; in the Araceae, the lower part is called the tube and the upper part the blade; in Arecaceae the large, often woody bract derived from either the prophyll or peduncular bract.
Spathella	Saclike covering of the young flowers of Podostemaceae.
Spatulate (spathulate)	Shaped like a spatula, rounded above and narrowed to the base.
Species (both singular and plural)	A population of plants that freely interbreed with one another and can be diagnosed by similar morphological features and molecular sequences; the basic unit of classification which can be further divided into subspecies, varieties, and forms; a plant's name consists of a generic name and a species epithet which, together, form the species' name.
Species epithet	The second word in a scientific name; e.g., superba in the scientific name Gustavia superba is the species epithet.
Species Plantarum	A 1753 publication by Linnaeus which established the beginning of Binomial Nomenclature.
Spicate	Referring to a spikelike inflorescence.
Spike	An indeterminate, unbranched inflorescence with sessile flowers and the uppermost flowers the youngest. Compare with raceme.
Spikelet	A small secondary spike, such as the basic unit of the inflorescence of Cyperaceae and Poaceae; a spikelike branch of a compound inflorescence of the Bromeliaceae.
Spine	A sharp-pointed modified leaf as in most species of Cactaceae . In the palm family (Arecaceae) all sharp outgrowths, regardless of origin, are called spines.
Spiral leaves	Referring to alternate leaves that are inserted in a spiral pattern around the twig. Compare with distichous leaves.
Spirodistichous	Referring to a type of leaf arrangement in which the leaves are initially distichous but later appear spirally arranged.
Spiromonostichous	Leaves inserted in a continuous spiral; typical of the Costaceae.
Splinter hair	A modified, barbed hair with a sharp, retrorsely barbed tip.
Splitter	A person (usually a plant taxonomist) that recognizes species of plants with narrow morphological variation included in their concept of species. This often results in the recognition of species based on features that would be considered intraspecific variation by lumpers. This narrow concept of species is called splitting of species.
Spongy mesophyll	Referring to loosely group, unorganizedof cells located located between the palisade mesophyll and the abaxial epidermis. Photosynthesis takes place in both palisade and spongy mesophyll.
Sporangium (plural = sporangia)	A chamber in which spores are produced.
Spore	A reproductive cell produced by non-flowering plants (e.g., mosses, liverworts, ferns) and fungi).
Sporogenous	Bearing or producing spores.
Sporophyll	A leaf on which are borne sporangia.
Sporophyte	The spore-producing, diploid (2n) phase of a plant’s life cycle. Compare with gametophyte.
Sport	An offshoot of a branch or other part of a plant that is morphologically different from the remainder of the plant.
Spreading aril	Referring to an aril that spreads around the entire seed and, thus, looks like a sarcrotesta.
Sprout	A secondary shoot arising from the base of a tree or shrub. Preferred over sucker.
Spur	A tubular, usually nectar-producing outgrowth of a part of a flower; e.g., part of the sepal in some Vochysiaceae.
Squama (pl. = squamae, diminutive = squamella, adj. = squamate)	Scale; covered with scales.
Squama (plural = squamae, diminutive = squamella, adjective = squamate)	A scale.
Squamella (plural = squamellae)	A small scale.
Srobilus (plural = strobili)	A compact cluster of sporophylls that are well differentiated from the vegetative leaves.
ssp.	An abbreviation for subspecies. Same as subsp.
Stalked vestigial stamens	Vestigial stamens that are constricted at the point they are attached to the ligule.
Stamen	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther; in the Lecythidaceae stamens are found attached to the staminal tube in those genera that have one (Allantoma, Cariniana, Grias, and Gustavia) and, as far is known, to the staminal ring of species with zygomorphic flowers. Stamens associated with the ligule are hypothesized to be staminodes bearing antherodes and not anthers.
Stamen	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther.
Stamens	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther.
Stamens	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther.
Staminal lip	A rim around the adaxial side of the staminal ring.
Staminal rim	The upper edge of the staminal tube in species of Allantoma, Cariniana, Grias, and Gustavia.
Staminal rim oblique	The circular apex of a fleshy staminal tube upon which the stamens arise from slightly different levels, e.g., in some species of >Grias.
Staminal ring	A ring of stamens surrounding the pistil at the summit of the ovary.
Staminal ring lip	In zygomorphic-flowered Lecythis, a flap of tissue that extends beyond the insertion of the stamens on the lateral and anterior parts of the staminal ring.
Staminal ring prolongation	Same as ligule.
Staminal tube	A floral tube formed by the fusion of androecial tissue, usually the filaments.
Staminal tube	A tube formed by fusion of staminal tissue.
Staminal tube extension	An expansion from the abaxial side of the staminal tube of species of Cariniana.
Staminal tube lower chamber	Differentiation in the staminal tube of species of Grias defined by the size and orientation of lower part of the tube in comparison to the upper part of the tube.
Staminal tube rim	The uppermost edge of a staminal tube.
Staminal tube upper chamber	Differentiation in the staminal tube of species of Grias defined by the size and orientation of lower part of the tube in comparison to the upper part of the tube.
Staminal tube zygomorphic	The prolongation of one side of the staminal tube of species of Cariniana.
Staminate flower	Referring to unisexual flowers with functional stamens but without functional gynoecia (pistillodes may be present). Same as male flower.
Staminate phase	Refers to species with bisexual flower that release pollen and have receptive stigmas at different times over the course of floweirng, the staminate phase is when the anthers shed pollen. This serves as a mechanism that promotes outcrossing, especially when the phases are synchronous among flowers on the same plant.
Staminode	A sterile stamen, sometimes modified such that it does not resemble a stamen; e.g., Cannaceae; in the Lecythidaceae, a sterile stamen with pollen that does not germinate.
Staminode	In the Lecythidaceae, a sterile stamen (= staminode) with pollen that does not germinate. The pollen of the yellow antherodes may serve as a reward for pollinators, especially bees. As far as we know, white anthers indicate the presence of fertile pollen and yellow antherodes indicate the presence of sterile pollen.
Staminodes geniculate.	Abruptly bent like a flexed knee.
Standard	The upper, broad petal of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae (legumes with pea-like flowers. Standard is prefered over the synonyms banner, flag, and vexillum petal.
Statolith	An organelle found in plant cells of some plant species that makes and stores starch granules that are involved in the perception of gravity and directly roots to grow downward and shoots to grow upward.
Steady state phenology	A flowering strategy in which a few flowers are produced each day over most of the year during the reproductive life cylcle of the plant.
Stele	The vascular cylinder of a stem or root.
Stellate	Star-shaped, usually referring to trichomes.
Stellate	Star-shaped, usually referring to trichomes.
Stem	The main ascending axis of a plant.
Stem	The main ascending axis of a plant.
Stem angular	Referring to a stem that is not round in cross section, e.g. it can be flattened or angled as in sedges.

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