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Term	Definition
Sap	A free-flowing exudate that can be translucent, colorless, yellow, orange, or red. It is not as thick and viscous as latex.
Sapling	A young tree. A tree ceases to be a sapling after it has flowered for the first time; however sometimes trees attain large sizes before they flower and a tree over several centimeters is usually not considered to be a sapling.
Saponin	A chemical compound found in plants that produces foam when mixed with water and shaken. This procedure is used by wood anatomists because the wood of some species has saponins while that of other species does not.
Saprófita	Se refiere a una planta heterótrofa sin clorofila, que vive sobre materia orgánica en descomposición y que usualmente depende de una relación simbiótica con un hongo para obtener su alimento
Saprophyte	A heterotrophic plant that is without chlorophyll, lives on decayed plant material, and usually depends on a symbiotic relationship with a fungus to obtain food.
Sapwood	The outer functional part of the xylem, i.e., the living part of the xylem that transports water and nutrients to the leaves. Same as soft bast.
Sarcopachytesta	The fleshy outer layer of a pachytesta. See pachytesta.
Sarcotesta	Estructura carnosa que se origina en el tegumento y recubre a la semilla. Comparar con eleosoma y arilo.
Sarcotesta	A layer arising from the integument of a seed. Compare with aril and elaiosome.
Sarcotesta	A fleshy layer of the seed coat that attracts animals and aids in seed dispersal.
Sarmentose	Referring to a plant that produces long, slender runners.
Savanna (also spelled savannah)	A type of vegetation with scatttered shrubs and relatively small, often contorted trees with thick bark and grasses and sedges dominating the understory.
Savia	Exudado que fluye en el interior de las plantas, esta puede ser transparente, sin color, o amarilla, naranja o roja
Saxicolous	Referring to a plant that prefers growing in rocky habitats.
Scabrous	Rough to the touch, e.g., the leaves of many species of Boraginaceae.
Scalariform	Arranged as in the rungs of a ladder; ladderlike.
Scale	Any thin, scarious bract or bracteole (usually representing a vestigial leaf found along the stems of some achlorophyllous plants such as species of Voyria (Gentianaceae); the bracteole subtending a flower of Cyperaceae; in pteridophytes, similar structures most commonly found on the rhizomes and stipe and less commonly on the fronds.
Scallop marks	A non-technical term used to describe Irregular, shallow depressions on the external surface of bark.
Scandent	Climbing.
Scape (scapose)	A leafless, often bracteate peduncle that arises from near the base of the plant; e.g., in Xyris (Xyridaceae) and many terrestrial Orchidaceae.
Scarious	Parchmentlike; thin and dry.
Scatter-hoarding	A type of secondary seed dispersal in which some of the diaspores are carried away and intentionally buried or stored (cached) by scatter-hording animals such as agoutis (Dasyprocta spp.) while the other diaspores are eaten and digested, e.g., the dispersal of Brazil nut seeds by agoutis. Same as dysozoochorous.
Schizocarp	A dry fruit that splits into several parts (each called a mericarp), each usually with a single seed; e.g., in Apiaceae, most lianas of Malpighiaceae, some Malvaceae, and Serjania spp. (Sapindaceae).
Scientific name	A two word name for living or fossil orgamisms. The first is the name of the genus and the second is the specific epithet. The name of the author is usually abbreviated and placed at the end of the name. For example, Sanguinaria canadensis L. Note that the scientific name is written in italics and the author is written without italics.
Sclereid	A thick-walled,lignified cell that is variable in form.
Sclerenchyma	Tissue composed of dead, thick-walled cells, such as stone cells and fibers.
Scorpioid cyme	A sympodial, determinate inflorescence whose lateral branches all develop from one side; it usually appears coiled and bears secund flowers. Same as bostryx.
Scree	The rocky base of steep slopes or inclines.
Scrobiculate	Minutely pitted.
Scurfy	Scaly. Same as leprose.
Scutellum	A small plate or scalelike appendage; e.g., on the calyx of Scutellaria (Lamiaceae); in the seeds of Poaceae, a flattened lateral structure between the endosperm and embryo.
Sección cruzada	Ver sección transversal.
Sección longitudinal	Corte que se realiza a lo largo de un eje alargado de un órgano, pero no necesariamente a través de la mitad del órgano. Comparar con sección medial.
Sección medial	Corte que se realiza a lo largo de un eje alargado y a través de la mitad de un órgano. Comparar con sección longitudinal.
Sección transversal	Corte que se realiza formando un ángulo recto con relación al eje de un órgano. Equivalente a sección cruzada.
Secondarily indehiscent fruit	Fruits that are hypothesized to have evolved indehiscent fruits from ancestors with dehiscent fruits.
Secondary growth	Plant tissue derived from lateral meristems.
Secondary hemiepiphyte	Referring to a plant (e.g., various species of Araceae) that grows from the ground onto its support and later loses its connection with the ground. Compare with epiphyte, hemiepiphyte, and primary hemipiphyte.
Secondary leaflet	The second division of a compound leaf.
Secondary pollen presentation	The presentation of pollen to the pollinator in a place other than the anther; e.g., on the style of Vochysiaceae.
Secondary pollen presentation	The presentation of pollen to the pollinator in a place other than the anther.
Secondary rachis	The rachis from which the second order of leaflets arise or the flowers from the second order of branching of an inflorescence.
Secondary vegetation	Vegetation that develops after disturbance by humans or forces of nature.
Secondary vein	A leaf vein arising from the midrib or primary vein. Same as lateral vein.
Secondary vein	A secondary vein is the second thickest vein in a leaf which arise from the midrib (= primary vein) (Hickey, 1973).
Secondary vein decurrent	Referring to a secondary vein that curves downward along the midrib.
Secondary venation	The second order of venation in a leaf blade, i.e., the veins that arise from the midrib.
Sectile	Referring to the aggregate clumps of soft, granular pollen which distinguishes some species of Orchidaceae. In these species the pollen is easily separated and not aggregated in distinct pollinia.
Sectile pollen	Referring to the aggregate clumps of soft, granular pollen which distinguishes some species of Orchidaceae. In these species the pollen is easily separated and not aggregated in distinct pollinia.
Secund	Referring to leaves, branches, flowers, or other structures that arise or seem to arise from one side of an axis; e.g., the flowers of Heliotropium (Boraginaceae).
Seed	The mature ovule that contains the embryo within the seed coat.
Seed coat (= testa)	The outer covering of a seed. Same as testa.
Seed coat (= testa)	The outer covering of a seed derived from the integuments of the ovule.
Seed dormancy	Referring to seeds that do not germinate until some time after they are dispersed. Many species of secondary forests, e.g. species of Cecropia, may remain dormant for years until the right conditions become available for their germination.
Seed germination lateral	The seed germinates from the side.
Seed germination terminal	The seed germinates at the ends.
Seed wing circumferential	A wing completely surrounding the circumference of the seed.
Seed wing unilateral	The seeds of species of Allantoma and Cariniana have wings that arise from one side.
Seedling	A young plant that develops from a germinating seed, i.e., including the embryo, cotyledons (if they are present), and the first true leaves (eophylls).
Seedling	Referring to a stage in a plant's development between seed germination and the production of eophylls (= the first true leaves).
Self-compatible	Referring to a plant in which pollen from a plant can fertilize eggs of the same plant; i.e., a plant that can be self-fertilized. Compare with self-incompatible.
Self-incompatible	Referring to a plant in which pollen from a plant cannot fertilize ovules of the same plant. Compare with self-compatible.
Self-pollination	Pollination of a flowers with pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant.
Semelpary (semelparic or semelparous)	Referring to plants that die after a single episode of flowering and fruiting; e.g., many bambusoid Poaceae and Tachigali (Fabaceae). Same as hapaxanthic and semelparic and opposite of iteroparic, pleionanthic, or polycarpic.
Semi-	A prefix meaning half, partly, or almost.
Semilla	El óvulo maduro que contiene al embrión
Semilla alada en circunferencia	Se refiere a una semilla rodeada por un estructura similar a un ala
Semilla unilateralmente alada	Se refiere a una semilla que presenta una estructura como ala o proyección delgada y plana hacia un lado
Seminiferous	Bearing seeds.
Senesce	To age.
Sensu lato	A Latin term meaning in the broad sense; e.g., the legumes when considered as a single family rather than three separate families or a species with considerable variation indicating that more than one species might be included in the species concept.
Sensu stricto	A Latin term meaning in the narrow sense; e.g., the genus Cassia when Chamaecrista and Senna (Fabaceae) are excluded.
Sepal (sepals)	A segment of the calyx.
Sepaline	Referring to sepals.
Sepaline tails	Long extensions of the sepals.

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