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Term	Definition
Raphe	A ridge on a seed formed by the fusion of the funicle to the seed coat, usually indicated by a scar after the seed has been formed.
Raphide	A needle-shaped crystal of calcium oxalate found in the cells of some plants.
Raquis	Eje de una hoja compuesta (excluido el peciolo), o de una inflorescencia (excluido el pedúnculo); por ejemplo, en las Leguminosas, el raquis es la parte del eje de las hojas que sostiene a las hojuelas
Ray	A radial band of tissue in the wood of vascular plants that allows movement of water, nutrients, and photosynthate in stems and trunks; in Cyperaceae, a secondary axis of a compound inflorescence; in Solanum (Solanaceae), a division of a stellate hair.
Ray flower	A zygomorphic flower with a straplike corolla found in Asteraceae. Compare with disk flower.
rbcL	A chloroplast gene that encodes the large subunit of the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase.
Receptacle	The more or less expanded apex of the axis beyond the pedicel upon which the floral parts are borne.
Receptacular throat	In the Cactaceae, the part of the receptacle above the receptacular tube.
Receptacular tube	In the Cactaceae, the broadened part of the receptacle between the summit of the ovary and the point at which the receptacle begins to broaden. Same as epigynous hypanthium.
Recepticle	The thickened part of the pedicel from which the flower organs or the fruits arise. In some accessory fruits, for example the pome and strawberry, the receptacle gives rise to the edible part of the fruit.
Receptive stigma	The time when pollen grains placed on the stigma by a pollinator are able to germinate and, thus, the nuclei they contain can potentially fertilize the egg which then has the chance to grow into an embryo, then become a seedling, and finally a reproductive plant itself.
Recruitment Score	0-10 scale of woody diversity recruitment, incorporating reason for lack of recruitment if none is occurring
Recurved	Curved backward.
Reduplicate	In Arecaceae, referring to leaflets that are upside down, V-shaped in transverse section with the apex of the V pointing downward, e.g., as in most species of palms. Opposite of induplicate.
Reed stem	In some Orchids (e.g. Epidendrum), this term refers to having stems that are long and relatively slender, commonly with leaves scattered along the stem.
Reflexed	Abruptly bent backward or downward.
Regular	Ver actinomorfa
Regular flower	A flower, capable of being divided, by more than one line passing through the middle of the flower, into two equal parts that are mirror images of one another; e.g., in Gustavia (Lecythidaceae), species of Myrtaceae, and species of Rubiaceae. Same as actinomorphic, polysymmetric, and radially symmetrical flowers and opposite of zygomorphic, monosymmetric, bilateral, and irregular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well.
Reniform	Kidney-shaped.
Reniforme	Con forma de riñón
Repand	Undulate, usually referring to the margins of leaves or other structures.
Repent	Creeping flat along the ground, usually referring to stems growing along the ground that produce roots at their nodes. Same as prostrate.
Replum	A thin membrane that runs from one side of the fruit to the other side of the fruit in many Brassicaceae that persists after the fruits have dehisced and the seeds have been dispersed, i.e., it is the partition between the two compartments or locules of the fruits.
Reproducción asexual	Se refiere a la producción de nuevas plantas con un método que no involucra la fusión de esperma y huevos. Por ejemplo, reproducción vegetativa por brotes.
Reproductive biology	In this glossary, all terms that refer to asexual and sexual reproduction in the broadest sense.
Resin	Transparent or nearly transparent, colorless or colored, viscous exudate.
Resina	Exudado viscoso, transparente o casi transparente, sin o con color
Respiration	In plants, the process of oxidizing sugars to obtain energy for growth and reproduction. This yields carbon dioxide and water as byproducts.
Restinga	Portuguese term referring to a diverse array of vegetation found on sandy soil in a narrow band along the Brazilian coast between the high-tide mark and taller forests farther inland.
Resupinate	Turned 180° in development; e.g., flowers of the Orchidaceae in which the lip originates in the uppermost position but twists 180° so it facing downward at anthesis. Most orchids have resupinate flowers.
Reticulate	Netted, like the veins of many leaves.
Reticulate tertiary venation	Tertiary venation anastomosing with other tertiary veins or with the secondary veins (Hickey, 1973)
Reticulate venation	Referring to the venation of a leaf which forms a network.
Retinaculum (plural = retincula)	In the Orchidaceae, the structure connecting the pollinia; in the Acanthaceae, see jaculator.
Retrorse	Directed downward or backward. Opposite of antrorse.
Retuse	Notched slightly at the apex.
Revolute	With the margin inrolled toward the abaxial surface. Compare with involute.
Rheophyte	A plant that grows in running water of streams and rivers.
Rhipidium (plural = rhipidia)	An alternately branching fan-shaped cyme with axes in one plane.
Rhizoid	A rootlike structure lacking xylem and phloem.
Rhizomatous	Bearing rhizomes.
Rhizome	A prostrate stem below the ground that sends off rootlets and vertical stems or leaves; in the Poaceae, lateral underground stems that collectively constitute a “sod” from which leafy stems emerge.
Rhombic	Diamond-shaped; i.e., referring to a four-sided plane figure with the opposite sides parallel and equal.
Rhomboid	Nearly rhombic but with the adjacent sides unequal.
Ribbed	Referring to a surface with longitudinally oriented ridges, the ridges are narrower than the ridges of an alate surface.
Rimose	Fissured or cracked, as the bark of some trees.
Ring nectary (= nectary ring-like)	A raised, circular ridge found between the attachment of the androecium and the base of the style that produces nectar.
Riparian	Referring to plants and animals that growi or live along streams or rivers.
Riverine	See riparian.
Rock Cover	Degree of site covered by exposed rock; a scale from 0 (none) to 10 (completely exposed rock outcrops).
Roseta basal	Se refiere a la disposición radial de las hojas en la base de una planta.
Rosette	An arrangement of leaves radiating from the base of the stem and usually placed close to the ground.
Rostellum (plural = rostella)	The portion of the stigma of some Orchidaceae that separates the anther from the fertile part of the stigma and aids in gluing the pollinia to the pollinators; a small beak.
Rostelo	En algunas Orchidaceae, es la porción del estigma que separa a la antera de la parte fértil del estigma y ayuda a pegar el polinio a los polinizadores; es un pico pequeño.
Rostrate	With a beak or beaked.
Rostrum	Beak.
Rosulate	Referring to a cluster of leaves arranged in a rosette.
Rotate	Disk-shaped or flat and circular, usually referring to a sympetalous corolla with a short tube and very widely spreading lobes.
Rounded	Referring to a leaf blade that is curved at the apex with an angle greater than 90 degrees at the point where the two sides meet.
Rudimentary	Referring to a structure or organ arrested at an early stage of development, e.g., when a stamen no longer produces viable pollen is called a stamen.
Rufous (rufescent)	Reddish brown (becoming reddish brown).
Rugose (diminutive = rugulose)	Having a wrinkled surface.
Rugose hypanthium	Refers to a hypanthium with a wrinkled surface.
Ruminate endosperm	Testa or seed coat folded into the endosperm; e.g., that of many species of Annonaceae, Myristicaceae, and Arecaceae.
Runner	A slender stolon that periodically roots to produce an offshoot of the original plant.
Running buttress	A thick, rounded buttress that extends along the ground several meters or more from the trunk. Compare with flying buttress and plank buttress.
Rupicolous	Dwelling among rocks.
Saccate	Saccate: Bag-like; deeply concave. In Orchidaceae this term is usually applied to the form of the lip.
Saco polínico	Ver teca
Sagitada	Con forma de punta de una flecha
Sagittate	Shaped like an arrowhead.
Salient	Raised from the surface, usually referring to veins of leaves.
Salient	Markedly raised above the surface of an organ; e.g., the midrib on the abaxial side of the leaf blade in most species of neotropical Lecythidaceae.
Salverform	Referring to the shape of a sympetalous corolla in which the tube is slender and the lobes are abruptly spreading and flat. Same as hypocrateriform and more frequenly used by authors than that term.
Samara	An indehiscent, winged fruit; e.g., those of Machaerium spp. and Vataireopsis spp. (Fabaceae).

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