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Term	Definition
Estambres vestigiales productores de néctar	Son los apéndices más internos, productores de néctar, que están localizados en el ápice del androceo de una flor zigomorfa de varias cámaras en las Lecythidaceae neotropicales.
Estaminodio	Un estambre estéril, ese a veces está modificado de manera que no parece un estambre; por ejemplo, en las Cannaceae
Estigma	Es la parte del gineceo que recibe el polen
Estilo	Es la parte del gineceo localizada entre el ovario y el estigma
Estilo apical	Equivalente a estilo terminal
Estilo ginobásico	Se refiere a un estilo que está inserto en la base del ovario; por ejemplo, en las especies de Chrysobalanaceae, Rhabdodendraceae y Lamiaceae.
Estilo lateral	Se refiere a un estilo ginobásico que está inserto a un lado del ovario
Estilo simple	Se aplica al estilo que no está dividido en el ápice
Estilo terminal	Se refiere a un estilo que está inserto en el ápice de un ovario
Estipe (estipitada)	Este término en Arecaceae (palmas) se utiliza para describir el tronco de las plamas; en algunas Orchidaceae, se refiere a un tejido no pegajoso derivado de la columna que conecta a los polinios con el viscidio; este término también se utiliza para referirse al ginóforo. Una especie o estructura que posee estipe se dice que es estipitada
Estípula	Lámina reducida de morfología variable, frecuentemente de apariencia similar a las hojas o de una bráctea, solitaria o en pares, que se encuentra cerca de la base de los peciolos en una rama
Estipulate	Without stipules. Same as exstipulate.
Estrangulador	Planta leñosa que crece sobre otra desarrollando sus raíces de manera que rodea al hospedero hasta eventualmente matarlo; por ejemplo, algunas especies de Ficus (Moraceae). Después de que el hospedero muere, un estrangulador usualmente llegar a ser como un árbol común
Estrellada	Con forma de estrella. Usualmente se refiere a los tricomas
Estrofíolo	Crecimiento o excresencia de la semilla localizado cerca de el hilo. Equivalente a carúncula.
Ethereal oils	Aromatic compounds especially common in the vegetative tissue of dicotyledons such as Annonaceae, Myristicaceae, Canellaceae, Lauraceae, and Piperaceae.
Ethobotanist	A scientist that studies the uses that man makes of plants.
Eucamptódroma	Se refiere al tipo de disposición de los nervios en una hoja en la que los nervios secundarios no terminan en el margen y no se unen para formar una serie de arcos promimentes a manera de un nervio submarginal. Comparar con nervadura broquidódroma.
Eudicots	Flowering plants with two cotyledons and with pollen grains that are predominantly tricolpate.
Eugenioid embryo	A type of embryo found in the Myrtaceae in which the cotyledons are thick, separate, and plano-convex (like those of a bean) and the hypocotyl is a short protrusion, or the cotyledons are fused partially or completely into a single mass and the hypocotyl is not distinguishable. Compare with myrcioid embryo and myrtoid embryo.
Eukaryote, eukaryotic	Referring to an organism that has cells with a nucleus separated from the cytoplasm by a membrane.
Evanescent	Short-lived.
Even-pinnate leaf	Pinnately compound leaf with an even number of leaflets; i.e., without a terminal leaflet. Same as parapinnate.
Evergreen	Bearing viable leaves at all times of the year. Opposite of deciduous.
ex Author	Used to indicate the publication of a name that was coined by another person but not validly published.
Ex-	A prefix meaning lacking (e.g., exstipulate), outside of (e.g., exocarp), or away from (e.g., exmedial).
Exalbuminous	Without albumen.
Excurrent secondary vein	Referring to a secondary vein that goes directly into the midrib without turning either basally or distally along the midrib.
Exfoliate	Referring to layers that peel off another structure, for example bark that peels off a tree trunk.
Exine	The outer layer of the two-layered wall of a pollen grain. Compare with intine.
Exmedial	Away from the leaf axis.
Exmedial	Away from the leaf axis, i.e., away from the midrib.
Exocarp	The outermost layer of the fruit wall. Same as epicarp; compare with pericarp.
Exostome	That part of the seed coat surrounding the micropyle.
Exserted	Extending beyond, as stamens beyond the corolla. Opposite of included.
Exstipulate	Without stipules. Same as estipulate.
External flap	In the Lecythidaceae, a flap that extends outward from the inner coil of the androecial to cover at least part of the top of the androecial hood. This structure is only fully developed in species of Couratari although incipient external flaps are found in several species of Eschweilera (e.g., Eschweilera cyathiformis and E. ovalifolia).
External flap	A flap that extends outward from the inner coil of the androecium to cover at least part of the top of the androecial hood. This structure is only fully developed in species of Couratari although incipient external flaps are found in several species of Eschweilera (e.g., Eschweilera cyathiformis and E. ovalifolia). In these species, the furrow is called the ligular sulcus.
Extinction	The death of all individuals of a species.
Extirpation	The process by which a plant or animal species is eliminated from a given geographic area.
Extra-	A prefix meaning outside of, beyond, apart from, besides, in addition to.
Extrafloral nectary	A structure that secretes nectar and is located on a part of the plant other than the flower; e.g., the glands on the petioles of many mimosoid legumes.
Extrastaminal	Outside of the stamens; e.g., the discs of Sapindaceae.
Extrastaminal disc	A fleshy, lobed, or annular nectariferous structure found within flowers located outside of the stamens. Preferred spelling is disc. Not to be confused with disk flower.
Extrorse	Directed outward (abaxially), as the dehiscence of an anther. Compare with introrse and latrorse.
Exudado	Cualquier substancia líquida que emana de una planta cuando es cortada; por ejemplo, látex, savia o resina
Exudate	Any liquid substance emitted from a plant when it is cut; e.g., latex, sap, or resin
Eyespot	A more or less circular mark, usually on a petal that may serve as a nectar guide; e.g., often found on the standard of species of Fabaceae.
Falcate	Sickle-shaped.
False fruits	Fruits that develop from more than just the ovary; e.g., the outermost layer of the fruit may be derived from a hypanthium.
Family	Referring to a level of taxonomic classification between genus and order, i.e., a family is made up of genera and an order is made up of families; family names end in -aceae (Brassicaceae, Cucurbitaceae, etc.)
Fanerocotilar	Tipo de germinación de una semilla en la que los cotiledones emergen de la cubierta. Comparar con criptocotilar.
Farinaceous	Containing starch or starchlike substances.
Farinose	With a mealy appearance.
Fasciation (adj. = fasciated)	A growth form in which parts of stems, rachises, or flowers of a plant fuse together to form flattened, anomolous forms.
Fascicle (Fasciculate)	Arranged in a tight bundle or cluster
Fascicle (fasciculate)	A tight cluster or bundle of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or other structures arising from the same point; for example, the inflorescences of Grias cauliflora are fasiculate.
Fascículo	Un denso grupo de flores, hojas, tallos, raíces u otras estructuras que nacen o se originan de un mismo punto común y sin un eje central que las soporte; por ejemplo, las inflorescencias de Grias cauliflora (Lecythidaceae)
Faucal appendages	Scalelike structures located in the throat of the corolla of species of Boraginaceae subfamily Boraginoideae.
Félem	Capa de células suberizadas producidas hacia el exterior por el cambium del corcho.
Felodermis	Capa de parénquima producida hacia el interior por el cambium del corcho.
Female flower	Referring to unisexual flowers with functional gynoecia but without functional stamens (staminodes may be present). Same as staminate flower.
Fenestrate	Pierced with holes; e.g., the trunk of Minquartia guianensis (Olacaceae) or leaves of Monstera spp. (Araceae).
Fenología de cornucopia	Estrategia de floración en la que una inflorescencia produce abundantes flores cada día, este proceso tiene una duración relativamente larga, que va desde desde pocas semanas hasta más de un mes.
Fern life cycle	Referring to the alternation of generations between the gameophyte (haploid) and sporophyte (diploid) stages of a fern. The most conspicuous stage of the life cycle is the sporophyte generation whereas the gametophyte generation is small and inconspicuous.
Ferruginous	Rust-colored, often referring to the color of the pubescence.
Fertilization	In botany, the union between a sperm cell released by a pollen grain and an egg cell in an ovule of a flower. This union results in the development of the embryo within a seed.
Festoon (adj. festooned)	A type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin but join to form a series of prominent arches that form a submarginal nerve and, in addtion, the secondary veins possess closed loops toward their apices. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Fetid (foetid)	Bad smelling.
Few	In botanical descriptions, meaning 10 or fewer in number.
Fiber	An elongated, usually tapering, sclerenchyma cell found in wood.
Fibrous roots	A root system characteristic of monocots in which all of the branches are approximately equal in diameter. Compare with taproot.
Field notebook	A notebook in which the data to be used for making plant labels are recorded. Today, the principal purpose of a field notebook is for providing the data for entering into a database. The labels are then generated directly from the database. A field notebook serves as a permanent record of the collections a collector makes throughout his or her career. The authors prefer a notebook that resists rain such as the "Rite in the Rain" all-weather Jounal, No. 390F." For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com.
Field press	A portable plant press used to hold collections shortly after they have been collected and for the rest of the time a collector is igatjhering specimens. The specimens are numbered and described in the field book, arranged between newspapers, the newspapers are numbered with the number listed in the field book, and then placed in the field press until they are ready to be placed in the drying press. A field press can be as simple as two end boards tied together with two ropes, but the authors prefer more sophisticated presses that keep the specimens dry if it rains and one that can be easily closed with velco straps. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com.
Fig	A hollow, fruitlike receptacle lined by tiny achenes, the characteristic inflorescence of figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae). Also called a syconium.

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