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Term	Definition
Cotyledons	Seed leaves, i.e., the embryonic leaves.
Cotyledons absent	A massive embryo that shows no obvious cotyledons
Cotyledons absent (= embryo macropodial)	A massive embryo that shows no obvious cotyledons.
Cotyledons arched	Cotyledons that are bowed in such a way that there is an air space between which is usually an adaptation for water dispersal.
Cotyledons bowed	Referring to cotyledons that are arched in such a way that they form an air chamber thought to aid in dispersal, either by the wind or by water.
Cotyledons carnose	Cotyledons thick and providing nutrition to the developing embryo and seedling. When the cotyledons are carnose in the Sapotaceae endosperm is usually lacking. Same as cotyledons fleshy.
Cotyledons cryptocotylar	A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons remain within the seed coat at germination. Compare with phanerocotylar.
Cotyledons cryptocotylar	Cotyledons that remain within the seed coat at germination. In the Lecythidaceae the seed coat is thin and fragile and breaks apart as the embryo increases in size.
Cotyledons epigeal	At germination the cotyledons emerge from the seed coat above the ground.
Cotyledons epigeal	At germination the cotyledons emerge from the seed coat above the ground.
Cotyledons fleshy	Cotyledons very thick, not leaf-like; e.g., the cotyledons of a bean.
Cotyledons fleshy, irregular (= cotyledons plano-convex)	Seed leaves (= cotyledons) that are fleshy and irregular.
Cotyledons foliaceous (= cotyledons leaf-like)	Cotyledons that look like leaves but differ in their opposite instead of alternate attachment. Same as cotyledons leaf-like which is the preferred term.
Cotyledons foliaceous (=cotyledons leaf-like)	Referring to cotyledons that are not carnose but instead are thin and leaf-like. In the Sapotaceae, species with foliaceous cotyledons generall have endosperm.
Cotyledons hypogeal	A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons are retained below the ground.
Cotyledons leaf-like	Cotyledons that look like leaves.
Cotyledons leaf-like (= cotyledons foliaceous)	Cotyledons that look like leaves but differ in their opposite instead of alternate attachment.
Cotyledons phanerocotylar	A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons emerge from the seed coat at germination..
Cotyledons plano-convex (= cotyledons fleshy, irregular)	Same as cotyledons fleshy. We no longer use plano-convex because the cotyledons are very irregular and are not plano-convex as in, for example, the embryo of species of Gustavia.
Crassinucellate ovules	The presence of two or more cell layers between the megasporophyte and the epidermal cells in the early development of the megasporophyte which will develop into the ovule.
Crassinucellate ovules	The presence of two or more cell layers between the megasporophyte and the epidermal cells in the early development of the megasporophyte. The megasporophyte develops into the embryo sac which contains the egg that, if fertilized and the conditions are right, will develop into the embryo.
Crenate (diminutive = crenulate)	Referring to margins with the teeth rounded at the apex. Compare with serrate.
Cretaceous Period	A geological time period that is part part of the Mesozoic Era beginning about 144 million years ago and ending about 65 million years ago. See the University of California Museum of Paleontaology at http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/index.php for more information.
Cross-pollination	Pollination of flowers with pollen from a flower of the same species but from another plant.
Cross-section	A cut at right angles to the long axis of an organ. Same as transverse section.
Cross-section	A cut at right angles to the axis of an organ. Same as transverse section.
Crown	The top of a tree; i.e., all but the trunk.
Crownshaft	A conspicuous cylinder formed by the tubular leaf sheaths of some palms; e.g., the royal palms (Roystonea spp., Arecaceae).
Cruciform (cruciate)	Cross-shaped, e.g., the petals of species of Brassicaceae are often arranged in a cross-like pattern.
Cryptogam	A plant that does not produce seed.
Cucullate	Hood-shaped.
Cucullate	Hood-shaped. From the Latin word cucullus which translates as hood.
Culm	The stem of a grass or sedge.
Cuneate (cuneiform)	Wedge-shaped; usually referring to the base of a two-dimensional organ (such as a leaf blade) of which the angle formed by the meeting of the margins is less than 90°.
Cupule	A cup-shaped structure that usually subtends a fruit; e.g., that of many species of Lauraceae and Rhabododendron amazonicum.
Curator	A scientist that takes care of specimens in a museum. In the case of botany, the museum is a collection of dried specimens and labels glued to special paper which are archived in special cabinets.
Curved appendages	Referring to an appendage, most often a vestigial stamen, that arises from a non-expanded part of the ligule and curves slightly inward.
Cushion plant	The growth form of a plant, often of high altitudes, in which numerous stems are congested together resulting in a low, pillow or cushion-like growth form.
Cuticle	A waxy layer of the leaf blade that covers the epidermal cells.
Cuticle	A waxy layer of the leaf blade that covers the epidermal cells. The cuticle is sometimes modified to forma papillae.
Cuticular ridge	A raised ridge that parallels or curves around the stomatal crypts.
Cuticular wax	Flakes found on the abaxial leaf blade surface that look like they could have been formed by shedding of the cuticle.
Cyathium (plural = cyathia)	An inflorescence consisting of several naked staminate flowers accompanied by usually one naked pistillate flower and subtended and mostly enclosed by a cup-shaped involucre, characteristic of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae).
Cylindrical fruit	A fruit that is much longer than it is broad.
Cylindrical fruit	A fruit that is much longer than it is broad.
Cyme	A determinate inflorescence in which growth of the central axis is terminated by a flower that opens first and each branch or pair of branches subtending this flower then is terminated by a single flower. This pattern, when repeated several times, often results in a somewhat flat-topped inflorescence.
Cypsela (plural = cypselae)	A dry, indehiscent fruit derived from an inferior, bicarpellate ovary; e.g., in Asteraceae. Similar to an achene, but derived from an inferior ovary and attached to the fruit wall throughout, i.e., not at a single place as in an achene.
Deciduous	A process in which certain structures of a plant, e.g., leaves, fall in response to enviromental changes.
Decusada, decusado	Se refiere a las hojas opuestas en un mismo plano y a la vez esas son alternas con el siguiente par opuesto.
Decussate	A type of leaf placement in which opposite leaves at a node are arranged at right angles to the pair below and above them.

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