Taxon Details: Eschweilera subcordata S.A.Mori
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Photo of the holotype (at IAN) of Eschweilera cordata at NY.
Protologue of Eschweilera subcordata.
Photo of the holotype (at IAN) of Eschweilera cordata at NY. Protologue of Eschweilera subcordata.Family:
Lecythidaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Lecythidaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Eschweilera subcordata S.A.Mori
Eschweilera subcordata S.A.Mori
Primary Citation:
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21(2): 225. 1990
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21(2): 225. 1990
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Description:
Author: Scott A. Mori & Nathan P. Smith
Type: Brazil. Para: Ilha do Marajó, Campo cerrado nr. Fazenda Inajatuba, Mun. de Cachoeira do Arari, 2 Dec 1969 (fl), Pena 180 (holotype, IAN, photo at NY).
Description: Trees, to 10 m tall, the trunk and bark not known. Stems not known. Leaves: petioles 2–4 mm long, rugose; blades suborbiculate, 4.5-7 x 3-5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous except puberulous on lower abaxial midrib, the abaxial surface appearing papilate (Silva 4278, INPA), the base rounded to subcordate, the margins entire, scarcely to markedly revolute, the apex rounded to slightly emarginate; venation brochidodromous, the midrib salient on both surfaces, the secondary veins in 5-8 pairs, prominent, the intersecondary veins plane (especially abaxially) or prominulous (Silva 4278, INPA), the tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemose, usually unbranched, the rachis 7–15 cm long, puberulous, lenticellate; pedicel/hypanthium 1–3 mm long below articulation, persisting on inflorescence, ca. 2 mm long above articulation (Silva 4278, INPA), the bract and bracteoles not known. Flowers when leaves present, 3–4 cm diam.; hypanthium cuneate, tapered into pedicel, puberulous; calyx-lobes 6, very widely ovate, 2-3 x 3.5-4.5 mm, slightly imbricate at base, obliquely oriented, glabrous, slightly convex abaxially, flat adaxially; petals 6, widely obovate, 20-29 x 14-16 mm, yellow; androecium zygomorphic, a staminal lip not known, the staminal ring with 240 stamens, the filaments 1.5 mm long, clavate, the anthers 0.5 mm long, color not known, the hood curved, 15 x 20 mm, outer surface texture not known, yellow, forming a double coil, the vestigial stamens not known, staminal nectaries present; ovary 2-locular, the ovary summit not known, the ovules 35–40 per locule, inserted on basal septum, orientation not known, the style not well known, poorly differentiated from summit, 1.5 mm long, stylar collar absent. Fruits not known. Seeds not known.
Common names: No names have been recorded.
Distribution: Known only from a few collections from Marajó Island at the mouth of the Amazon.
Ecology: A small tree found at forest margins and in savannas.
Phenology: Flowers have been collected in Dec and Jan.
Pollination:: No reports of pollination have been recorded but the yellow flower color suggests bees as pollinators. The double-coiled androecial hood presumably produces nectar but this needs to be confirmed with field observations.
Dispersal: No reports of dispersal have been recorded.
Predation: No observations recorded.
Field characters:: Eschweilera subcordata can be distinguished from other species of double-coiled Eschweilera by the following: (1) its relatively small size: (2) its small, coriaceous, suborbiculate leaves with very short, rugose petioles; and (3) its narrow distribution (Ilha do Marajó) and the habitat it grows in (savanna). In addition, the numerous ovules (35-40 per locule) are unusual for a species of Eschweilera.
Taxonomic notes: Eschweilera subcordata is a distinct but poorly known species. Collections of fruits and seeds, additional collections of flowers, and molecular work are needed to better understand the position of this taxon within Eschweilera and its distribution in Brazil.
Conservation: IUCN Red List: Vulnerable D2 ver 2.3 (Pires O'Brien, J. 1998. Eschweilera subcordata. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 29 August 2012.).
Uses: No uses recorded.
Etymology:: This species was named for its subcordate leaves.
Source: This species page is based on Mori in Mori & Prance, 1990.
Author: Scott A. Mori & Nathan P. Smith
Type: Brazil. Para: Ilha do Marajó, Campo cerrado nr. Fazenda Inajatuba, Mun. de Cachoeira do Arari, 2 Dec 1969 (fl), Pena 180 (holotype, IAN, photo at NY).
Description: Trees, to 10 m tall, the trunk and bark not known. Stems not known. Leaves: petioles 2–4 mm long, rugose; blades suborbiculate, 4.5-7 x 3-5 cm, coriaceous, glabrous except puberulous on lower abaxial midrib, the abaxial surface appearing papilate (Silva 4278, INPA), the base rounded to subcordate, the margins entire, scarcely to markedly revolute, the apex rounded to slightly emarginate; venation brochidodromous, the midrib salient on both surfaces, the secondary veins in 5-8 pairs, prominent, the intersecondary veins plane (especially abaxially) or prominulous (Silva 4278, INPA), the tertiary veins reticulate. Inflorescences terminal or axillary, racemose, usually unbranched, the rachis 7–15 cm long, puberulous, lenticellate; pedicel/hypanthium 1–3 mm long below articulation, persisting on inflorescence, ca. 2 mm long above articulation (Silva 4278, INPA), the bract and bracteoles not known. Flowers when leaves present, 3–4 cm diam.; hypanthium cuneate, tapered into pedicel, puberulous; calyx-lobes 6, very widely ovate, 2-3 x 3.5-4.5 mm, slightly imbricate at base, obliquely oriented, glabrous, slightly convex abaxially, flat adaxially; petals 6, widely obovate, 20-29 x 14-16 mm, yellow; androecium zygomorphic, a staminal lip not known, the staminal ring with 240 stamens, the filaments 1.5 mm long, clavate, the anthers 0.5 mm long, color not known, the hood curved, 15 x 20 mm, outer surface texture not known, yellow, forming a double coil, the vestigial stamens not known, staminal nectaries present; ovary 2-locular, the ovary summit not known, the ovules 35–40 per locule, inserted on basal septum, orientation not known, the style not well known, poorly differentiated from summit, 1.5 mm long, stylar collar absent. Fruits not known. Seeds not known.
Common names: No names have been recorded.
Distribution: Known only from a few collections from Marajó Island at the mouth of the Amazon.
Ecology: A small tree found at forest margins and in savannas.
Phenology: Flowers have been collected in Dec and Jan.
Pollination:: No reports of pollination have been recorded but the yellow flower color suggests bees as pollinators. The double-coiled androecial hood presumably produces nectar but this needs to be confirmed with field observations.
Dispersal: No reports of dispersal have been recorded.
Predation: No observations recorded.
Field characters:: Eschweilera subcordata can be distinguished from other species of double-coiled Eschweilera by the following: (1) its relatively small size: (2) its small, coriaceous, suborbiculate leaves with very short, rugose petioles; and (3) its narrow distribution (Ilha do Marajó) and the habitat it grows in (savanna). In addition, the numerous ovules (35-40 per locule) are unusual for a species of Eschweilera.
Taxonomic notes: Eschweilera subcordata is a distinct but poorly known species. Collections of fruits and seeds, additional collections of flowers, and molecular work are needed to better understand the position of this taxon within Eschweilera and its distribution in Brazil.
Conservation: IUCN Red List: Vulnerable D2 ver 2.3 (Pires O'Brien, J. 1998. Eschweilera subcordata. In: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.1. www.iucnredlist.org. Downloaded on 29 August 2012.).
Uses: No uses recorded.
Etymology:: This species was named for its subcordate leaves.
Source: This species page is based on Mori in Mori & Prance, 1990.
Flora and Monograph Treatment(s):
Eschweilera subcordata S.A.Mori: [Article] Mori, S. A. & Prance, Ghillean T. 1990. Lecythidaceae - Part II: The zygomorphic-flowered New World genera (Couroupita, Corythophora, Bertholletia, Couratari, Eschweilera, & Lecythis). With a study of secondary xylem of Neotropical Lecythidaceae by Carl de Zeeuw. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-376.
Eschweilera subcordata S.A.Mori: [Article] Mori, S. A. & Prance, Ghillean T. 1990. Lecythidaceae - Part II: The zygomorphic-flowered New World genera (Couroupita, Corythophora, Bertholletia, Couratari, Eschweilera, & Lecythis). With a study of secondary xylem of Neotropical Lecythidaceae by Carl de Zeeuw. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-376.