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Term	Definition
Staminal rim oblique	The circular apex of a fleshy staminal tube upon which the stamens arise from slightly different levels, e.g., in some species of >Grias.
Staminal ring	A ring of stamens surrounding the pistil at the summit of the ovary.
Staminal ring lip	In zygomorphic-flowered Lecythis, a flap of tissue that extends beyond the insertion of the stamens on the lateral and anterior parts of the staminal ring.
Staminal ring prolongation	Same as ligule.
Staminal tube	A floral tube formed by the fusion of androecial tissue, usually the filaments.
Staminal tube	A tube formed by fusion of staminal tissue.
Staminal tube extension	An expansion from the abaxial side of the staminal tube of species of Cariniana.
Staminal tube lower chamber	Differentiation in the staminal tube of species of Grias defined by the size and orientation of lower part of the tube in comparison to the upper part of the tube.
Staminal tube rim	The uppermost edge of a staminal tube.
Staminal tube upper chamber	Differentiation in the staminal tube of species of Grias defined by the size and orientation of lower part of the tube in comparison to the upper part of the tube.
Staminal tube zygomorphic	The prolongation of one side of the staminal tube of species of Cariniana.
Staminate flower	Referring to unisexual flowers with functional stamens but without functional gynoecia (pistillodes may be present). Same as male flower.
Staminate phase	Refers to species with bisexual flower that release pollen and have receptive stigmas at different times over the course of floweirng, the staminate phase is when the anthers shed pollen. This serves as a mechanism that promotes outcrossing, especially when the phases are synchronous among flowers on the same plant.
Staminode	A sterile stamen, sometimes modified such that it does not resemble a stamen; e.g., Cannaceae; in the Lecythidaceae, a sterile stamen with pollen that does not germinate.
Staminode	In the Lecythidaceae, a sterile stamen (= staminode) with pollen that does not germinate. The pollen of the yellow antherodes may serve as a reward for pollinators, especially bees. As far as we know, white anthers indicate the presence of fertile pollen and yellow antherodes indicate the presence of sterile pollen.
Staminodes geniculate.	Abruptly bent like a flexed knee.
Standard	The upper, broad petal of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae (legumes with pea-like flowers. Standard is prefered over the synonyms banner, flag, and vexillum petal.
Statolith	An organelle found in plant cells of some plant species that makes and stores starch granules that are involved in the perception of gravity and directly roots to grow downward and shoots to grow upward.
Steady state phenology	A flowering strategy in which a few flowers are produced each day over most of the year during the reproductive life cylcle of the plant.
Stele	The vascular cylinder of a stem or root.
Stellate	Star-shaped, usually referring to trichomes.
Stellate	Star-shaped, usually referring to trichomes.
Stem	The main ascending axis of a plant.
Stem	The main ascending axis of a plant.
Stem angular	Referring to a stem that is not round in cross section, e.g. it can be flattened or angled as in sedges.
Stem hollow	Referring to a stem that does not have tissue in the center, e.g., the hollow stems of grasses.
Stem solid	Referring to a stem that has tissue in the middle, i.e., the cortex is solid.
Stemonozone	In the Mimosaceae, a tube formed by the adnation of the corolla and filaments.
Stenopalynous	Referring to plant taxa characterized by only slight variation in pollen forms; e.g., Gunneraceae.
Sterile hybrid	A hybrid that does not produce viable seeds.
Stick-tight	A fruit or seed that adheres to substrates such as fur or clothing.
Sticktight	A plant diaspore (e.g., an entire fruit, a fruit surrounded by calyx, a seed, etc.) that attaches by barbs or hoos to and is dispersed by an animal. Sticktights are often associated with weedy habitats and frequently attach to the clothing of humans. See "pega-pega" for Spanish translation.
Stigma	The apex of the style and the place where the pollen is carried to by pollination agents. The pollen grains germinate on the stigma and grow down the style to the ovule where a sperm from a pollen grain fertilizes an egg in an ovule.
Stigma	The part of the gynoecium receptive to pollen usually located at the summit of the style.
Stigma convoluted	A stigma that appears to coiled or twisted.
Stigma lined	Lines found on the stigmas of at least some species of Gustavia and Grias. In this type of stigma shape the lines are clearly separated from other parts of the ovary.
Stigma lobed	A stigma divided into separate parts.
Stigma punctiform	A stigma that is neither lobed or displays stigmatic lines.
Stigma surface lepidote	A stigma with minute scales over its surface.
Stigma surface pubescent	A stigma with septate trichomes covering what appears to be the receptive part of the stigma.
Stilt roots	Aerial, woody, adventitious roots that are circular in transverse section. Stilt roots are not densely aggregated so light can be seen between the individual stilt roots; e.g., in Socratea exorrhiza (Arecaceae).
Stipe	Referring to the stalk of a fern frond, the equivalent of a petiole in the flowering plants.
Stipe (stipitate)	The term stipe has several different meanings: 1) in Arecaceae (palms) it is used to indicate the presence of a trunk, 2) in some Orchidaceae, a stipe is a nonsticky, elastic tissue derived from the column and connecting the pollinia to the viscidium; 3) a stalk supporting the ovary but generally much shorter than the stalk of a species with a gynophore; and 4) the stalk of a fern frond, the equivalent of a petiole in the flowering plants. A species or structure that has a stipe is said to be stipitate.
Stipel (stipellate)	A small stipule at the base of leaflets and not at the base of the leaf as is the case with a true stipule, e.g., species of Andira; stipels are only found in compound leaves and a leaf that bears them is referred to as a stipellate leaf.
Stipulate	Possessing stipules.
Stipule	A reduced leaflike or bractlike appendage, either solitary or paired, inserted at the base of the petiole and variable in morphology.
Stipule	A reduced leaflike or bractlike appendage, either solitary or paired, inserted at the base of the petiole and variable in morphology.
Stipule cap	In some Rubiaceae (e.g., Duroia), the structure formed by the fusion of the stipules; it covers the apical buds and usually falls off as soon as the bud develops.
Stipule persistence	In the Rubiaceae, the persistency of the stipules provides a useful character for identifying genera and subgenera. Readily caducous stipules are present only when the leaves are in bud; caducous stipules are present during leaf development but fall before the leaves fall; and persistent stipules are still present after the leaves of their node fall.
Stipule scar	Referring to the scars left on the stem after the stipules have fallen. Because many stipules are caducous, one has to look carefully for scars to determine if stipules were present at an earlier stage of development.
Stolon (stoloniferous)	A horizontal stem that is located above the ground and usually produces adventitious roots and vertical stems at the nodes. Stoloniferous refers to a plant that bears stolons.
Stomatal crypt	A pit, usually on the abaxial leaf surface, in which the stomates of some species occur.
Stomatal crypt	A pit, usually on the abaxial leaf blade surface, in which the stomates of nearly all species of occur.
Stomate (pl. = stomates) (= stoma sing. and stomata pl.)	A small opening, usually in the abaxial surface of leaves, through which gases utilized and produced in photosynthesis pass into and out of the leaves.
Stomate (plural = stomates) (= stoma and stomata)	A small opening, usually in the abaxial surface of leaves, through which gases utilized and produced in photosynthesis pass into and out of the leaves.
Stomatochorous	A type of primary dispersal in which the diaspore is deliberately carried away by animals in their mouths and dropped with viable seeds after the edible parts are consumed.
Stone	The nut or nutlet in a drupe; i.e., the hardened part of a drupe or a duplet (= endocarp) containing a single seed. In non-scientific language it is called the pit.
Stone cell	A short, roughly isodiametric sclereid.
Stramineous	Strawlike or straw-colored.
Strangler	A plant that grows upon another plant in such a way that its roots surround the host and eventually cause it to die; e.g., in some species of Ficus (Moraceae). A strangler can become a free-standing tree after the host plant dies.
Strap-like	Referring to a structure, such as a leaf, that is long and flat. Same as lorate.
Stratification	Referring to the formation of layers in a forest, i.e., the herbaceous, shrub, understory tree, canopy tree, and emergent tree strata or layers.
Striation	A fine longitudinal line, ridge, or groove.
Striation (striate)	A fine line, ridge, groove, or streaks of color, an organ with striations is said to be striations.
Strigose (diminutive = strigulose)	With sharp, stiff, often basally swollen, appressed, straight hairs.
Strobiliform	Resembling a strobilus, often referring to an inflorescence.
Strophiole	A seed appendage located near the hilum or raphe. Compare with caruncle.
Strophiole	An outgrowth of the seed coat near the hilum. Same as caruncle.
Stylar canal	A hollow channel that runs from the stigma for most of the length of the style which is thought to faciltate the growth of pollen tubes to the ovary, the ovules, and eventually the egg.
Stylar collar	An annular expansion on the style; e.g., in some species of Melastomataceae and Lecythis zabucajo (Lecythidaceae).
Stylar collar	A ring-like expansion encircling the style just below the stigma.
Style	The part of the gynoecium between the ovary and the stigma. A style is not always present.
Style	The part of the gynoecium between the summit of the ovary and the stigma.
Style erect	A style that does not bend or slants away from the vertical axis of the ovary.
Style geniculate	A well-defined style that is abruptly bent like a flexed knee.

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