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Term	Definition
Foliaceous	Leaflike; often used to describe cotyledons.
Foliolate	With leaflets; e.g., 3-foliolate or trifoliolate is a leaf with three leaflets.
Foliolo	Cada uno de los segmentos laminares que forman parte de una hoja compuesta
Follicetum	An aggregate of follicles formed from an apocarpous gynoecium.
Follicle	A dry or somewhat fleshy or leathery, dehiscent fruit formed from a single carpel and opening along a ventral suture; e.g., the fruit of Apocynaceae subfamily Asclepiadoideae.
Forb	Any non-woody flowering plant that is not a grass, sedge, or rush
Forb	A herbaceous flowering plant that is not graminoid (grasses, sedges and rushes).
Forked	Same as furcate.
Form (forma, plural = formae)	In lower case, a taxonomic rank just below variety. The abbreviation is f..
Forma de nutrición	Es el modo cómo una planta obtiene su alimento, por ejemplo: fotosintética, parásita, hemiparásita, etc...
Formicarium (plural = formicaria)	An ant domatium which is usually a swollen chamber associated with the petioles (e.g., species of Hirtella and Tococoa) or a hollow stem (e.g., Tachigali and Cecropia).
Fornicate	Arched. Same as recurved.
Foveolate	Pitted.
Fractiflex	Zigzagged; referring to a structure that is bent alternately in opposite directions much more sharply than is implied by the term flexuous.
Free	Same as distinct.
Free nervation	Leaf veins that do not unite to form a network. Compare with anastomosing and reticulate.
French spikes (= griffes or grimpettes in French)	Two iron spikes in the form of a half circle with three spikes at the apex and three spikes opposite a small platform that the collector stands on. These spikes are made by Lacoste et fils (12 av. Pasteur, 24160 Excideuil, France) and can be purchased through their web site at www.lacoste-outillage.com. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com.
Friable	Brittle; e.g., the bark of Chrysobalanaceae, which breaks into many small pieces when cut with a machete.
Frond	Rerring to the leaves of ferns and the most conspicuous part of the sporophyte generation of this group of plants..
Frondose	Leafy; used to describe inflorescences bearing numerous, leaflike bracts, a condition especially common in the Rubiaceae.
Frugivore	An animal that eats fruit.
Fruit	In the flowering plants, the ripened ovary or the seed-bearing organ of a plant.
Fruit oxidizes bluish-green	When the fruit is bruised, the color at the point of the bruise turns bluish-green.
Fruit white lenticellate	A pericarp with the outer surface with scattered white dots.
Fruto agregado	Un fruto formado por la coalescencia de los carpelos de un gineceo apocárpico de una sola flor; por ejemplo: La mora, frutilla.
Fruto apocárpico	Es un fruto compuesto que tiene los carpelos separados, independientes; procede de un gineceo apocárpico
Fruto campanulado	Con forma de una campana.
Fruto cilíndrico	Se refiere a un fruto que es mucho más largo que ancho.
Fruto falso	Ver pseudofruto.
Fruto no cilíndrico	Se refiere a un fruto en el que la medida de su ancho es de la misma longitud o es aún mayor que la medida de su alto
Fruto sincárpico	Es un fruto compuesto que tiene los carpelos connados; procede de un gineceo sincárpico
Fugacious	Falling off early. Same as caducous.
Fulvous	Dull yellowish brown.
Functionally indehiscent fruit	A circumscissile fruit that opens via an operculum (lid) but the seeds are trapped inside because the size of the opening is smaller than the size of the seeds.
Funicle	The cord that attaches the ovule and subsequently the seed to the fruit wall.
Funicle (funiculus)	The cord that attaches the ovule and subsequently the seed to the fruit wall.
Funículo	Es la estructura filamentosa que conecta al óvulo con el ovario y subsecuentemente a la semilla con la pared del fruto
Funneliform	Usually referring to a corolla in the shape of a funnel but can also be applied to other structures with a similar shape.
Furcate	Forked, separating into two divisions.
Furfuraceous	Scurfy or flaky.
Fused (fusion)	Referring to similar structures fused to each other, such as the petals of a sympetalous corolla. Same as connate. Compare with adnate and connivent.
Fusiform	A solid shape narrowed toward both ends from a swollen middle.
Fusionado	Se refiere a las partes unidas de una flor, e.g., el tubo de la corolla está formado por la fusión de los pétalos en la parte baja de la corola
Galea (plural =galeae) (galeate)	A helmet-or hood-shaped, as the upper lip of some bilabiate corollas (possessing galeae).
Gall fruits	In Ficus (Moraceae), the seedless fruits that develop from ovaries parasitized by wasps.
Gamete	A haploid (n) reproductive cell, two of which fuse to form a diploid (2n) zygote.
Gametophyte	The gamete-producing haploid phase (n) of a plant's life cycle.
Gamopétala	Igual a simpétala
Gamopetalous corolla	Having petals united for at least part of their length. Same as sympetalous; Opposite of polypetalous and choripetalous.
Gamosépalo	Se refiere al cáliz que posee los sépalos fusionados. Opuesto a dialisépalo
Gamosepalous calyx	Having sepals united for at least part of their length. Same as synsepalous calyx.
Gap	An opening in the canopy of the forest created by falling trees and branches.
Garganta	Es la parte interna de una corola gamopétala (o simpétala)
Garganta de la corola	Es el ensanchamiento inmediato a la boca que se encuentra en el interior del tubo de una corola simpétala.
Geitonogamy (geitonogamous)	Referring to the fertilization of the ovules of a flower by pollen from another flower of the same plant. Compare with xenogamous.
Geminate	Arranged in pairs.
Gemma (gemmiferous; plural = gemmae)	A specialized vegetative bud that often separates from the parent plant to produce a new plant. The gemmae in bryophytes are grouped together in a cup from which they are splashed out of and dispersed by rain drops. A plant that bears gemmae is said to be gemmiferous.
Gemmae cups	A small receptacle or cup on upper surface of bryophytes in which gemmae are produced from which they are splashed out of and dispersed by rain drops.
Geniculate	Abruptly bent like a flexed knee.
Genus (plural = genera)	Referring to a level of taxonomic classification between species and family, i.e., a genus is made up of species and a family is made up of genera; a scientific name of a plant consists of three parts: the genus name, the species epithet, and the author(s) of the name (e.g., the chocolate tree Theobroma cocoa L. in which Theobroma is the generic name, cocoa is the species epithet, and L. stands for Linnaeus, the botanist who provided the name).
Geophyte	A herbaceous plant that perennates by means of underground parts; i.e., at least part of the plant’s life cycle is spent below the ground, usually to avoid environmental stresses such as prolonged dry or cold periods.
Geotropic	Referring to a shoot or root that responds positively to the pull of the earth’s gravity.
Geoxylic suffrutices	Shrubs, often found in cerrado habitats, that produce a woody trunk below the ground and only branches above the ground.
Germinate	Emerge from a dormant state, e.g., when a seed emerges from the seed coat and develops into a seedling.
GFA (Grupo para la filogenia de las Angiospermas)	Es la organización responsable de coordinar una nueva clasificación de las Angiospermas basada en datos anatómicos, morfológicos, químicos y principalmente moleculares. Su clasificación más reciente se encuentra en el sitio Angiosperm Phylogeny Website at http://www.mobot.org/mobot/research/apweb/
Gibbous	Pouched or swollen on one side.
Gibbous	Swollen on one side.
Gineceo	Término general que se refiere al pistilo de la flor. Comparar con androceo
Gineceo apocárpico	Es un gineceo compuesto de carpelos libres; por ejemplo en Guatteria Annonaceae y Menispermaceae. Opuesto a gineceo sincárpico
Gineceo sincárpico	Es un gineceo compuesto de carpelos connados
Ginóforo	Pedículo que sostiene a un ovario; por ejemplo, en Capparaceae y Simaroubaceae
Glabrate	Becoming glabrous.
Glabrescent	Becoming glabrous or nearly glabrous.
Glabrous	Smooth, devoid of trichomes (hairs).
Gland	A secretory structure such as a floral or extrafloral nectary; a glandlike body whether it is secretory or not; e.g., the body connecting, via translators, the two pollinia of Apocynaceae subfamily Asclepiadoideae.

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