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Term	Definition
Glándula	Estructura secretoria, como un nectario floral o extrafloral. Un cuerpo glandular ya sea que secrete o no; por ejemplo, el corpúsculo que conecta los dos polinios de las Apocynaceae subfamilia Asclepiadoideae
Glandular trichome	Hairlike outgrowths of the epidermis with bulbous expansions at their apices that presumably secretes substance that maket difficult for insect predators to eat the plant.
Glandular trichomes	Hairlike outgrowths of the epidermis with bulbous expansions at their apices.
Glaucous	Covered with a whitish substance that can be rubbed off.
Globally symmetrical pollen	In the Malpighiaceae, pollen with the pores not all in the same plane and the ectoapertures, if present, variously oriented.
Globose	Referring to a spherical solid shape.
Glochid	A very thin and usually deciduous, barbed spine characteristic of some Cactaceae (Opuntioideae).
Glochidiate	Barbed; bearing glochids.
Glomerate	Referring to a structure, such as an inflorescence, composed of very densely clustered units; e.g., flowers.
Glomerule	A tightly congested cymose inflorescence or inflorescence derived from it, usually with sessile flowers; e.g., in the Asteraceae.
Glume	A bract at the base of a spikelet in the Poaceae.
Grade	A level of evolutionary organization and advancement.
Grain	See caryopsis.
Granular	Referring to a surface covered my minute, grain-like bodies.
Granulate (granulose)	Appearing as if covered by very small grains; minutely or finely mealy.
Ground layer	A hypothetical stratum of tropical rain forests consisting of herbs and other small plants that grow close to the ground. Same as ground story.
Ground story	Lowest layer of vegetation in a forest; composed of terrestrial herbs. Same as but less preferred than ground layer.
Ground tissue	Plant tissue other than the vascular tissue, the epidermis, or the periderm.
Growth form	The life form of a plant; e.g., herb, tree, or shrub. Same as habit.
Guard cells	Two cells that flank each side of the stomatal opening. These cells control the input and output of carbon dioxide and oxygen and the output of water by opening and closing at different times of the day.
Guard cells	Two cells that flank each side of the stomatal opening. These cells control the input and output of carbon dioxide and oxygen and the output of water by opening and closing at different times of the day.
Guayana	A phytogeographic region corresponding to the Guayana Shield and including the Guianas and parts of northern Amazonian Brazil, Amazonian Colombia, and Amazonian Venezuela. Guayana should not to be confused with Guyana, the country, or the Guianas, a political term that encompasses Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana.
Guayana Shield	A geographic region in northern South America corresponding with Precambrian bedrock.
Gymnosperm	A vascular plant with seeds not enclosed in an ovary (examples of gymnosperms are cycads, pines, firs, and spruce trees). The name of this group of plants means naked seeds.
Gynobasic style	Referring to a style arising from the base of the ovary. Gynobasic styles are of two types: 1) the style is inserted laterally at the base of a syncarpous ovary as in Chrysobalanaceae and Rhabdodendraceae 2) the style arises from the center of an apocarpous ovary as in many species of Lamiaceae.
Gynodioecy (gynodioecious)	Referring to a sexual condition of a species that bears pistillate flowers on some plants and bisexual flowers or staminate flowers as well as pistillate flowers on other plants.
Gynoecium (Pl. = gynoecia)	The female part of the flower (i.e., the pistil).
Gynoecium (plural = gynoecia)	The collective term for the pistillate structure (the pistils) of the flower. Compare with androecium.
Gynoecium apocarpous	Referring to a gynoecium of distinct carpels; e.g., many species of Annonaceae, Crassulaceae, Menispermaceae, Ranunculaceae, Rosaceae, etc. Compare with syncarpous.
Gynoecium syncarpous	A gynoecium composed of fused carpels.
Gynomonoecy (gynomonoecious)	Referring to a sexual condition of a species that bears pistillate flowers and bisexual flowers on same plants.
Gynophore	Stalk of the ovary; e.g., in Capparaceae and Simaroubaceae. Same as stipe.
Gynostegial corona	A corona derived from the gynostegium.
Gynostegium	The structure formed by the fusion of the stamens and the stigmatic region of the gynoecium in the Apocynaceae subfamily Asclepiadoideae. Compare with column in the Orchidaceae.
Gynostemium	In the Aristolochiaceae, a structure formed by the fusion of the stamens to the style and stigma.
Habit	The growth form of a plant; e.g., herb, tree, or shrub.
Habit	The growth form of a plant; e.g., herb, tree, or shrub. Same as growth form.
Habitat	El lugar donde crece una planta, por ejemplo: un humedal, un bosque muy húmedo, una savana, etc…
Habitat	The place where a plant grows, for example in a wet area along a stream, in a pond, rain forest, savanna etc.
Habitat Hectares Approach	Method for vegetation or habitat quality assessment for extant native vegetation.
Habitat Quality Score	Habitat Quality Score, determined by the team at the Sampling Event site, as assessed by summing ten component scores as follows: Large Trees Score; Canopy Cover Score; Understory Score; Weediness Score; Recruitment Score; Litter Score; Loggy-ness; Patch Size; Neighborhood; Distance to Core.
Hair	See trichome which is used more correctly for plants.
Halophyte (halophytic)	A plant adapted to growing in saline soils. (referring to a plant growing in saline soils)
Hapaxanthy (hapaxanthic or hapaxanthous)	Referring to plants that die after a single episode of flowering and fruiting; e.g., many bambusoid Poaceae, some palms, and and some Tachigali (Fabaceae). Same as monocarpic and semelparic and opposite of polycarpic, iteroparic, and pleionanthic.
Haploid	Having one set of chromosomes. See diploid.
Haplostemonous	Referring to an androecium with a single series of stamens in one whorl.
Hapter (plural = haptera)	Disclike or irregularly formed lateral outgrowths of roots (rarely shoots) that affix plants of many Podostemaceae to the substrate. Same as holdfast.
Hard bast	The inner non-functional part of the xylem, i.e., the dead part of the xylem that no longer transports water and nutrients to the leaves but serves as support for the plant. Same as heartwood.
Hastada	Con forma de punta de una flecha, pero con los lóbulos basales divergentes, dispuestos en ángulos más o menos rectos en relación al eje
Hastate	In the shape of an arrowhead but with the basal lobes spreading at more or less right angles to the long axis.
Haustorium (plural = haustoria)	The tissue-penetratingand food-absorbing organ of a parasitic plant.
Head	Same as capitulum in the Asteraceae.
Heartwood	The inner non-functional part of the xylem, i.e., the dead part of the xylem that no longer transports water and nutrients to the leaves but serves as support for the plant.
Helicoid cyme	A determinate inflorescence that has the lateral flowers developing on alternate sides of the axis and often appears coiled.
Heliophile	Lover of sunlight; a plant that thrives under conditions of high light intensity.
Helobial endosperm	A type of endosperm in which two unequal cells develop differently, the larger one in a noncellular manner (see nuclear endosperm) and the smaller one in various ways.
Hemi-legumbre (hemilegumbre)	Es el fruto de una leguminosa en el que las semillas y una de las valvas son dispersas como una unidad. La valva al ser dispersa por el viento vuela con las semillas que están unidas a ella
Hemi-legume (hemilegume)	A legume fruit in which the seed or seeds and one valve of the pod are dispersed as a unit. The valve catches the wind and blows away with the seeds.
Hemiepífita	Planta que durante una parte de su ciclo de vida crece sobre otra planta sin tener contacto con el suelo y durante otra parte de su ciclo de vida está en contacto con el suelo. Las hemiepífitas pueden ser primarias (descendentes), las que comienzan creciendo sobre un hospedero (generalmente un árbol), desarrollan largas raíces aéreas hasta alcanzar el suelo y terminan su ciclo de vida como terrestres (e.g. Clusia [Clusiaceae]); o secundarias (ascendentes), las que inicialmente crecen sobre el suelo como las hierbas, para después trepar sobre un hospedero y ahi terminar su ciclo de vida, sin tener contacto con el suelo (e.g. Anthurium, Philodendron [Araceae]). Comparar con epífitas.
Hemiepífita primaria	Se aplica a una planta (e.g., Clusia spp., Clusiaceae) que empieza su ciclo de vida sobre un hospedero, sin estar en contacto con el suelo y que desarrolla raíces aéreas que alcanzan el suelo para terminar su ciclo de vida como una planta terrestre.
Hemiepífita secundaria	Se aplica a una planta que empieza su ciclo de vida sobre el suelo, como una hierba, y que luego se desarrolla sobre un hospedero sin tener contacto con el suelo (e.g., Anthurium, Philodendron [Araceae]). Comparar con epífita, hemiepífita y hemiepífita primaria
Hemiepiphyte	A plant that grows for part of its life on other plants without connection to the ground and for part of its life with a connection to the ground. A primary hemiepiphyte (e.g., Clusia spp., Clusiaceae) begins life without a connection with the ground but later develops aerial roots that reach the ground. A secondary hemiepiphyte (e.g., various species of Araceae) grows from the ground onto its support and later loses its connection with the ground. Compare with epiphyte.
Hemiparásita	Se refiere a las plantas que son capaces de fotosintetizar y a la vez extraen los nutrientes de un hospedante; por ejemplo, Loranthaceae y Viscaceae
Hemiparasite	A plant that both photosynthesizes and extracts some of its nutrition from a host; e.g., speices of Loranthaceae and Viscaceae.
Hemisaprophyte	A saprophyte with chlorophyll in some of its tissue. Note that many plants originally thought to saprophytes are now considered to be mycoheterotrophs.
Herb	A nonwoody plant. Large as well as small plants may be herbaceous; the largest native herb in the Neotropics is Phenakospermum guyannense (Strelitziaceae).
Herbaceous	With annual, nonwoody stems as opposed to perennial, woody stems.
Herbarium (plural = herbaria)	A herbarium is a repository for plant collectons which consist of herbarium sheets, separate fruit collections, pickled collections, DNA collections, and images depicting plants in the field. The larger herbaria of the world are described in an online resource called Index Herbariorum (http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp).
Herbivory (herbivorous)	Feeding on plants (referring to an animal that feeds on plants).
Herkogamy (herkogamous)	In bisexual flowers, the placement of the male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers in different positions within the same plant; for example, a heterostylous species is also a herkogamous species. Approach herkogamy is when the sigma protrodes beyond the stamens and reverse herkogamy is when the anthers protrude beyond the stigma. In the first case, the pollinator touches the stigma before it reaches the anthers and in the second place the pollinator touches the anthers before it reaches the stigma.
Hermaphrodite	See bisexual; in the Mimosaceae, referring to the presence of both staminate and pistillate flowers in the same inflorescence.
Hesperidium	A berrylike fruit with tough or coriaceous outer rind, e.g., the fruit of most species of Citrus (Rutaceae).
Heteranthery (adj. = heterantherous)	A flower that contains two types of pollen, one that germinates and is found in anthers and another that does not germinate and serves as a pollinator reward.
Heteranthery (adj. = heterantherous)	A flower that contains two types of pollen, one that germinates and is found in anthers and another that does not germinate and is found antherodes; the latter serves as a pollinator reward.
Heteranthery (heterantherous)	Heteromorphic stamens of a species of Swartzia from an unvouchered plant from Amazonas, Brazil. This is also called heteranthery and when there are only two variations in the morphology of a structure it can also be referred to as dimorphic. This species is apocarpic as evidenced by the separate styles, a rare occurence in legumes which in general have species with a single pistil. Same as differentiated anthers.

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