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Term	Definition
Leaf venation actinodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which three or more primary veins diverge radially from a single point either at (basal actinodromous) or above (suprabasal actinodrmous) the point of attachment of the petiole. The primary veins can either converge at the apex (perfect actinodromous) or not converge at the apex (imperfect actinodromous). Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information on leaf venation see Ellis et al., 2009.
Leaf venation basal acrodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins arch upward from the base and converge at or close to the apex.. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation basal actinodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which three or more primary veins diverge radially from a single point at point of attachment of the petiole.
Leaf venation brochidodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin but join to form a series of prominent arches that form a submarginal nerve; for example, in many Myrtaceae. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation brochidodromous	Secondaries joined together in a series of prominent arches. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information abouit leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation brochidodromous festooned	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin but join to form a series of prominent arches that form a submarginal nerve and, in addtion, the secondary veins possess closed loops toward their apices. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation camptodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin; in one type each secondary vein connects with the seconday vein above it (brochidodromous) and in the other type the secondary veins do not connect with the secondary vein above it (eucamtodromous). Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation camptodromous	A type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margens
Leaf venation campylodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which a series of more or less equal primary veins originate from a common point at the base, arch upward, and reunite toward the apex; e.g., species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae).
Leaf venation cladodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins branch freely before they reach the margin. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation eucamptodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not reach the margin and do not form a series of prominent arches. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation eucamptodromous	Secondaries upturned and gradually diminishing apically inside the margin but not connecting to the secondary above it. Based on (Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al. (2009).
Leaf venation flabellate	Referring to leaf venation with several to many fine basal veins that spread out from the base like a fan and divide somewhat toward the apex. Based on Ellis et al., 2009.
Leaf venation hyphodromous	Referring to a leaf blade with all but the midvein absent or not visible because the leaf blade is too fleshy for them to be seen.
Leaf venation imperfect acrodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins arch upward from or above the base and do not converge at the apex. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation mixed craspedodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which some of the secondary veins terminate at the leaf margins and the remainder of the secondary veins do not, e.g. half of the secondary veins are craspedodromous and the other half camptodromous.
Leaf venation perfect acrodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins arch upward from the base or above the base and converge near the apex. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation reticulodromous	Referring to a leaf venation type in which the secondary veins form a network of veins soon after departing from the midrib. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation simple craspedodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which all of the secondary veins terminate at the leaf margins.
Leaf venation suprabasal acrodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins arch upward from above the base. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009.
Leaf venation suprabasal actinodromous	Referring to a type of leaf venation in which three or more primary veins diverge radially from a single point above the point of attachment of the petiole.
Leaflet	A division of a compound leaf.
Leaflets alternate	Leaflets not placed along the rachis of a pinnately compound leaf directly opposite one another.
Leaflets opposite	Referring to leaflets placed along the rachis directly opposite of one another.
Leafstalk	In legumes, the main axis of the leaf from its attachment to its apex; i.e., the petiole plus the rachis.
Legume	A fruit that is derived from a single carpel, dehisces along two sutures, and is usually dry and several-seeded. Although most species of the legume family possess legumes, a number of them do not (e.g., species of Andira).
Lemma	The lower of the two bracts that enclose the floret of the Poaceae, located above the glumes. Compare with palea.
Lenticel	A spongy area in the bark of roots, trunks, and stems and the pericarp of fruits that allows the interchange of gases. Lenticels are the equivalent of stomates in leaves.
Lenticel (adj. = lenticellate)	A spongy area in the bark of roots, trunks, and stems that allows the interchange of gases with the environment.
Lenticellate	Possessing lenticels.
Lenticellate	Possessing lenticels.
Lepidote	Covered with small, peltate scales.
Leptocaul	A type of growth form in which the tree is branched many times and the stems and leaves are not unusually large.
Leptocaul (leptocaulous)	A type of growth form in which the tree is branched many times and the stems and leaves are not unusually large. Most trees on the Osa have this type of growth form.
Liana	A woody climbing plant. Same as woody climber; compare with vine.
Lígula no enrollada	Se refiere a la lígula de las Lecythidaceae que no está enrollada hacia el interior. En la Península de Osa, este tipo de lígula solamente se conoce en Lecythis mesophylla. Esta especie presenta estambres rudimentarios dirigidos hacia el interior, pero su lígula no se encuentra enrollada hacia el interior, como sucede en las especies de Eschweilera y Couratari. En L. mesophylla, la capucha es la parte de la lígula que porta los estambres rudimentarios.
Ligular sulcus	A groove or furrow close to the point where the androecial hood begins, i.e., between the appendix-free ligule and the androecial hood.
Ligulate capitulum (head)	Inflorescence of Asteraceae with only ligulate flowers.
Ligulate flower	A zygomorphic flower with a straplike corolla found in the Asteraceae tribe Lactuceae. Differring from a ray flower by having five instead of three lobes.
Ligule	A prolongation of the staminal ring from the abaxial side of a flower (Tsou & Mori, 2007) in zygomorphic-flowered species of Lecythidaceae.
Ligule	Ligules are strap-like structures that can arise from different structures; for example, the ligule of a species of Bromeliaceae arises from petals; whereas that of a grass arises at the juncture of the blade sheath and the leaf blade and the ligule of a flower of Lecythidaceae arises from fusion of stamens.
Ligule arched	The ligule departs from the staminal ring and is curved for its entire length or, in other words the ligule curves downward from the middle to both its attachment to the staminal ring and to its distal end.
Ligule coiled	Referring to a ligule of Lecythidaceae that coils inward one or more times. In species with coiled ligules, the coiled part with the vestigial stamens is called the androecial hood. Species of Eschweilera and Couratari are the only species that have coiled ligules and they are the only species that have nectaries hypothesized to be derived from vestigial stamens.
Ligule flat	A ligule that arches at its departure from the staminal ring and then levels off, in other words the part that is flat is the part that covers the summit of the ovary which also equals the androecial hood.
Ligule not coiled	Referring to a ligule of Lecythidaceae that does not make a full coil inward. On the Osa Peninsula only Lecythis mesophylla is known to have this type of ligule. It does, however, have vestigial stamens that are swept inward but they do not form a complete coils as found in species of Eschweilera and Couratari. In L. mesophylla, the hood is the part of the ligule that possesses vestigial stamens.
Ligule undulate	A liguler that is similar to flat but is undulate along its length. The most important feature of this ligule shape is that the ligule is not undulate for its entire length.
Ligule: Couroupita nicaraguarensis-Type	The androecium is prolonged from one side of the staminal ring into a ligule that is covered with stamens and staminodes without interruption from the staminal ring to the apex of the ligule, i.e., there is no appendage free ligule and there is no well-differentiated hood. There is, however, a progressive increase in staminodes from the staminal ring to the end of the ligule such that all appendages in the staminal ring are stamens and most appendages at the end of the ligule are staminodes. There are no antherless appendages on the ligule.
Line of opercular dehiscence	A circular sulcus around the summit of the ovary which indicates the place where the operculum will fall from the base of the fruit.
Linear	Referring to a two dimensional shape in which the greatest width extends throughout a middle zone at least one-third the length of the blade (in this zone the margins are more-or-less parallel) and the length to width ratio is 10:1 or more.
Lip	The median petal of Orchidaceae which is usually highly modified and different from the two lateral petals, the lip of orchids often plays a crucial role in the plant's pollination; one of the two divisions of a bilabiate corolla, e.g., in the Lamiaceae.
Lithophyte	A plant growing on rocks.
Liverwort life cycle	Referring to the alternation of generations between the gameophyte (haploid) and sporophyte (diploid) stages of a liverwort. The most conspicuous stage of the life cycle is the gametophyte generation whereas the sportophyte generation is small and inconspicuous.
lobe (lobed, lobate)	A rounded projection arising from the margin or base of two dimensional structures such as leaves and bracts.
Lóbulo corolino	Es cada uno de los segmentos más o menos libres que están en la porción terminal de una corola gamopétala (o simpétala)
Locule	A chamber or cavity, such as that of an ovary or fruit that contains the ovule(s) or seed(s).
Locule	A chamber, such as that of an ovary or fruit, that contains the ovule(s) or seed(s), respectively.
Locule orientation	Locule orientation with the longest axis of a locule to the central axis of an ovary as seen in a medial longitudinal section.
Locule orientation horizontal	A locule oriented with the greatest length more-or-less at right angles to the long axis of the ovary, i.e., at a right to the upper/lower septum as seen in longitudinal section.
Locule orientation oblique	A locule with the greatest length more-or-less paralleling the long axis of the ovary, i.e., parallel to the upper/lower septum as seen in longituindal section.
Locule orientation vertical	A locule with the greatest length more-or-less paralleling the long axis of the ovary, i.e., parallel to the upper/lower septum as seen in longituindal section.
Locule width at apex	The position at which the locule's greatest width is near the apex of the locule as viewed in a medial longitudinal section.
Locule width at middle	The position at which the locule's greatest width is in the middle of the locule as viewed in a medial longitudinal section.
Locule width throughout	The position at which the locule's greatest width is equal through much of the locule as viewed in a medial longitudinal section.
Loculicidal capsule	A dry, dehiscent fruit that opens in the middle of the locule. Compare with septicidal capsule.
Lodicule	A small, colorless scale appressed to the ovary of most Poaceae that may represent a vestige of the perianth.
Loment	A type of legume fruit in which each single-seeded segment breaks away from adjacent segments; e.g., in Desmodium (Fabaceae).
Lomentiform	Like a loment.
Longitudinal section	A cut along the long axis of an organ but not necessarily through the middle of the organ. Compare with medial section.
Lorate	Referring to a two dimensional shape in which the greatest width extends throughout a middle zone at least one-third the length of the blade (in this zone the margins are more-or-less parallel) and the length to width ratio is 6:1 to less than 10 . Same as strap-like.
Loriforme	Con forma de cinturón. Se refiere a la forma de una lámina de una hoja, que es larga, angosta, plana y cuyas márgenes son paralelas
Lower septum	A wall-like partition of a locule located basally to an articulation (often only seen as a thin line), as seen in longitudinal section, that separates it from an upper septum.
Lower/upper septum	Referring to the combined lengths of the lower and the upper septa as seen in longitudinal sections. The two septae are divided by a septal articulation. The lower septa gives rise to the placenta and the upper septum develops into the columella of the fruit.
Lower/upper septum articulation	A joint between the lower septum and the upper section as seen in a longitudinal section of the ovary.
Lumper	A person (usually a plant taxonomist) that recognizes species of plants with considerable morphological variation included in their concept of species. This often results in placing other names, which may even represent valid species in themselves, in synonymy of the name used by the author for the species being described, this is called lumping species.
Lycopod	Referring to a vascular plant group that does not produce seeds. Lycopodium, Isoetes, and Selaginella are in this group but belong to different orders. Lycopodium is homosporous and the other two genera are heterosporous.

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