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Exmedial
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Away from the leaf axis. |
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Exmedial
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Away from the leaf axis, i.e., away from the midrib. |
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Exocarp
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The outermost layer of the fruit wall. Same as epicarp; compare with pericarp. |
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Exserted
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Extending beyond, as stamens beyond the corolla. Opposite of included. |
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External flap
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In the Lecythidaceae, a flap that extends outward from the inner coil of the androecial to cover at least part of the top of the androecial hood. This structure is only fully developed in species of Couratari although incipient external flaps are found in several species of Eschweilera (e.g., Eschweilera cyathiformis and E. ovalifolia). |
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External flap
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A flap that extends outward from the inner coil of the androecium to cover at least part of the top of the androecial hood. This structure is only fully developed in species of Couratari although incipient external flaps are found in several species of Eschweilera (e.g., Eschweilera cyathiformis and E. ovalifolia). In these species, the furrow is called the ligular sulcus. |
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Extinction
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The death of all individuals of a species. |
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Extirpation
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The process by which a plant or animal species is eliminated from a given geographic area. |
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Extrafloral nectary
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A structure that secretes nectar and is located on a part of the plant other than the flower; e.g., the glands on the petioles of many mimosoid legumes. |
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Fasciation (adj. = fasciated)
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A growth form in which parts of stems, rachises, or flowers of a plant fuse together to form flattened, anomolous forms. |
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Fascicle (Fasciculate)
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Arranged in a tight bundle or cluster |
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Fascicle (fasciculate)
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A tight cluster or bundle of roots, stems, leaves, flowers, or other structures arising from the same point; for example, the inflorescences of Grias cauliflora are fasiculate. |
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Female flower
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Referring to unisexual flowers with functional gynoecia but without functional stamens (staminodes may be present). Same as staminate flower. |
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Fenestrate
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Pierced with holes; e.g., the trunk of Minquartia guianensis (Olacaceae) or leaves of Monstera spp. (Araceae). |
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Fern life cycle
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Referring to the alternation of generations between the gameophyte (haploid) and sporophyte (diploid) stages of a fern. The most conspicuous stage of the life cycle is the sporophyte generation whereas the gametophyte generation is small and inconspicuous. |
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Ferruginous
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Rust-colored, often referring to the color of the pubescence. |
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Fertilization
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In botany, the union between a sperm cell released by a pollen grain and an egg cell in an ovule of a flower. This union results in the development of the embryo within a seed. |
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Festoon (adj. festooned)
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A type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin but join to form a series of prominent arches that form a submarginal nerve and, in addtion, the secondary veins possess closed loops toward their apices. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. |
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Field notebook
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A notebook in which the data to be used for making plant labels are recorded. Today, the principal purpose of a field notebook is for providing the data for entering into a database. The labels are then generated directly from the database. A field notebook serves as a permanent record of the collections a collector makes throughout his or her career. The authors prefer a notebook that resists rain such as the "Rite in the Rain" all-weather Jounal, No. 390F." For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com. |
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Field press
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A portable plant press used to hold collections shortly after they have been collected and for the rest of the time a collector is igatjhering specimens. The specimens are numbered and described in the field book, arranged between newspapers, the newspapers are numbered with the number listed in the field book, and then placed in the field press until they are ready to be placed in the drying press. A field press can be as simple as two end boards tied together with two ropes, but the authors prefer more sophisticated presses that keep the specimens dry if it rains and one that can be easily closed with velco straps. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com. |
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Fig
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A hollow, fruitlike receptacle lined by tiny achenes, the characteristic inflorescence of figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae). Also called a syconium. |
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Filament
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The stalk of the stamen terminated by the anther; in Orchidaceae, the sterile portion of the stamen forming part of the column. |
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Filament stalk
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A constricted area at the apex of the filament to which the anther is attached. |
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Filaments angular
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Filaments with cross sections angular in outline. |
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Filaments arched
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Filaments that depart from the rim of a staminal tube and arch inward. |
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