Taxon Details: Gustavia parviflora (Kunth) S.A.Mori
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Nom. nov. Gustavia parviflora.
Nom. nov. Gustavia parviflora.Family:
Lecythidaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Lecythidaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Gustavia parviflora (Kunth) S.A.Mori
Gustavia parviflora (Kunth) S.A.Mori
Primary Citation:
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21(1): 151-153. 1979
Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21(1): 151-153. 1979
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Description:
Author: Scott A. Mori
Type: Venezuela. Crescit ad ripam fluminis Orinoci, in convallibus Araguensium, alt. 260 hex, Provincia Caracasana, without date (st), Humboldt & Bonpland 1245 (holotype, P; isotypes, BM,
Description: Understory trees, leptocaulous trees, to 15 m tall. Trunk unknown. Bark unknown. Stems 3-7 mm diam., light brown, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate, the leaves loosely grouped at ends, the new growth subtended by cataphylls, these ovate, ca. 5 x 5 mm (not including awn length), with conspicuous veins when dry abaxially, long awned. Leaves present at flowering; petioles 8-15 x 3-4 mm, flat adaxially, hemispherical to convex abaxially; blades oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, 29-36 x 6-9 cm, glabrous, chartaceous, glabrous, without punctations, the base acute to obtuse, sometimes slightly and narrowly rounded, the margins somewhat concave below middle, nearly entire to finely serrulate, the apices acuminate; venation weakly brochidodromous throughout, the midrib prominent adaxially, salient abaxially, glabrous, the secondary veins in 20-27 pairs; prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, glabrous, intersecondary veins absent, the tertiary veins arching near midrib, but otherwise percurrent. Inflorescences suprafoliar, racemose, the rachis 25-60 mm long; pedicels 34-40 mm long, becoming woody below the bracteoles squamose, glabrous, brown below and nearly black, pubescent above bracteoles, subtended by a single caducous bract, bearing 2, opposite bracteoles near middle, these fused or with at least the bases touching,. Flowers 5-8 cm diam.; hypanthium inconspicuously costate, ferruginous puberulous; calyx with 4·broadly rounded to triangular lobes, 4 x 7.5 mm wide; petals 8, narrowly oblong to obovate, 20-40 x 10-15 mm, puberulous at anthesis, white or white tinged with pink; androecium actinomorphic, the staminal tube 6-11 mm high, cream-colored, the outermost filaments ca. 8 mm long, cream-colored, the anthers 2.5 mm long; ovary with 4 obscure costae, 4-locular, the summit puberulous, the style obconical, 2-3 mm long, the stigma with 4 lobes. Fruits globose, except truncate at apex, ca. 3.5-4 cm, finely costate; seeds flat on one side, rounded on other, 3 x 3 cm, the testa thin, ca. 0.5 mm thick, fragile, easily fragmenting and falling from embryo.
Common names: Venezuela: Monagas: cacao de monte (Huber & Canales, 6341, coco de mono (Humboldt & Bonpland 1245).
Distribution: A poorly collected species known only from the Venezuelan states of Sucre and Monagas.
Ecology: An understory tree in primary and secondary humid forests. It is common in the Monumento Natural Alejandro de Humboldt around the oil bird cave.
Phenology: Flowering collections have been collect in Mar and Apr and fruits have been gathered in May
Pollination: No observations recorded but other species of Gustavia have been reported to be pollinated by buzz-pollinating bees (Mori & Kallunki, 1976; Mori & Boeke, 1987).
Dispersal: No observations recorded.
Predation: No observations recorded.
Field characters: This species is characterized by its understory stature; leptocaul growth form but the stems relatively thick; terminal inflorescences subtended by long-awned cataphylls; pedicels squamate below and pubescent above bracteoles; bracteoles opposite with their bases touching for fused; relatively small flowers for a species of Gustavia; and areolate seeds..
Taxonomic notes: My examination of a sterile isotype at P of Lecythis longifolia indicates that it is the same species of Gustavia collected by Funck & Schlim and Steyermark at Cumanacoa and near Caripe respectively. Humboldt & Bonpland visited both of these localities in 1799 (Sandwith, in Stearn, 1968) and probably made their collection at one of them. Consequently the statement that it grows as far south as the Orinoco at about 90 m alt. is probably based on a mistake on the label because there are no extant collections documenting its existence there. Transference of Lecythis longifolia Kunth to Gustavia results in a later homonym of Gustavia longifolia Poeppig ex O. Berg published in 1858 for a different species. Hence, according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, a nomen novum was coined by Mori (Prance & Mori, 1979).
Conservation: This species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species version 2011.2. Its very limited distribution in an area with considerable deforestation makes G. parviflora at least vulernable to extinction. This species grows in the area around the Caripé oil bird cave where a population of it is presumably protected.
Uses: None recorded
Etymology: The species epithet refers to the relatively small size of the flowers for the genus which includes species with the largest flowers of neotropical Lecythidaceae. The flowers of G. parviflora are about one-half the diameter of most other species of Gustavia with the exception of those related to G. hexapetala.
Source: Mori in Prance & Mori (1979).
Author: Scott A. Mori
Type: Venezuela. Crescit ad ripam fluminis Orinoci, in convallibus Araguensium, alt. 260 hex, Provincia Caracasana, without date (st), Humboldt & Bonpland 1245 (holotype, P; isotypes, BM,
Description: Understory trees, leptocaulous trees, to 15 m tall. Trunk unknown. Bark unknown. Stems 3-7 mm diam., light brown, glabrous, sparsely lenticellate, the leaves loosely grouped at ends, the new growth subtended by cataphylls, these ovate, ca. 5 x 5 mm (not including awn length), with conspicuous veins when dry abaxially, long awned. Leaves present at flowering; petioles 8-15 x 3-4 mm, flat adaxially, hemispherical to convex abaxially; blades oblanceolate to narrowly obovate, 29-36 x 6-9 cm, glabrous, chartaceous, glabrous, without punctations, the base acute to obtuse, sometimes slightly and narrowly rounded, the margins somewhat concave below middle, nearly entire to finely serrulate, the apices acuminate; venation weakly brochidodromous throughout, the midrib prominent adaxially, salient abaxially, glabrous, the secondary veins in 20-27 pairs; prominulous adaxially, prominent abaxially, glabrous, intersecondary veins absent, the tertiary veins arching near midrib, but otherwise percurrent. Inflorescences suprafoliar, racemose, the rachis 25-60 mm long; pedicels 34-40 mm long, becoming woody below the bracteoles squamose, glabrous, brown below and nearly black, pubescent above bracteoles, subtended by a single caducous bract, bearing 2, opposite bracteoles near middle, these fused or with at least the bases touching,. Flowers 5-8 cm diam.; hypanthium inconspicuously costate, ferruginous puberulous; calyx with 4·broadly rounded to triangular lobes, 4 x 7.5 mm wide; petals 8, narrowly oblong to obovate, 20-40 x 10-15 mm, puberulous at anthesis, white or white tinged with pink; androecium actinomorphic, the staminal tube 6-11 mm high, cream-colored, the outermost filaments ca. 8 mm long, cream-colored, the anthers 2.5 mm long; ovary with 4 obscure costae, 4-locular, the summit puberulous, the style obconical, 2-3 mm long, the stigma with 4 lobes. Fruits globose, except truncate at apex, ca. 3.5-4 cm, finely costate; seeds flat on one side, rounded on other, 3 x 3 cm, the testa thin, ca. 0.5 mm thick, fragile, easily fragmenting and falling from embryo.
Common names: Venezuela: Monagas: cacao de monte (Huber & Canales, 6341, coco de mono (Humboldt & Bonpland 1245).
Distribution: A poorly collected species known only from the Venezuelan states of Sucre and Monagas.
Ecology: An understory tree in primary and secondary humid forests. It is common in the Monumento Natural Alejandro de Humboldt around the oil bird cave.
Phenology: Flowering collections have been collect in Mar and Apr and fruits have been gathered in May
Pollination: No observations recorded but other species of Gustavia have been reported to be pollinated by buzz-pollinating bees (Mori & Kallunki, 1976; Mori & Boeke, 1987).
Dispersal: No observations recorded.
Predation: No observations recorded.
Field characters: This species is characterized by its understory stature; leptocaul growth form but the stems relatively thick; terminal inflorescences subtended by long-awned cataphylls; pedicels squamate below and pubescent above bracteoles; bracteoles opposite with their bases touching for fused; relatively small flowers for a species of Gustavia; and areolate seeds..
Taxonomic notes: My examination of a sterile isotype at P of Lecythis longifolia indicates that it is the same species of Gustavia collected by Funck & Schlim and Steyermark at Cumanacoa and near Caripe respectively. Humboldt & Bonpland visited both of these localities in 1799 (Sandwith, in Stearn, 1968) and probably made their collection at one of them. Consequently the statement that it grows as far south as the Orinoco at about 90 m alt. is probably based on a mistake on the label because there are no extant collections documenting its existence there. Transference of Lecythis longifolia Kunth to Gustavia results in a later homonym of Gustavia longifolia Poeppig ex O. Berg published in 1858 for a different species. Hence, according to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature, a nomen novum was coined by Mori (Prance & Mori, 1979).
Conservation: This species has not been assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species version 2011.2. Its very limited distribution in an area with considerable deforestation makes G. parviflora at least vulernable to extinction. This species grows in the area around the Caripé oil bird cave where a population of it is presumably protected.
Uses: None recorded
Etymology: The species epithet refers to the relatively small size of the flowers for the genus which includes species with the largest flowers of neotropical Lecythidaceae. The flowers of G. parviflora are about one-half the diameter of most other species of Gustavia with the exception of those related to G. hexapetala.
Source: Mori in Prance & Mori (1979).
Flora and Monograph Treatment(s):
Gustavia parviflora (Kunth) S.A.Mori: [Article] Prance, Ghillean T. & Mori, S. A. 1979. Lecythidaceae - Part I. The actinomorphic-flowered New World Lecythidaceae (Asteranthos, Gustavia, Grias, Allantoma & Cariniana). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-270.
Gustavia parviflora (Kunth) S.A.Mori: [Article] Prance, Ghillean T. & Mori, S. A. 1979. Lecythidaceae - Part I. The actinomorphic-flowered New World Lecythidaceae (Asteranthos, Gustavia, Grias, Allantoma & Cariniana). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 21: 1-270.