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Term Definition
Higher order leaf venation Referring to venation levels in the leaves above the tertiary veins.
Higher order venation All venation smaller in diameter than tertiary venation. Venation features of the black oak. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Leaf venation acrodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins arch upward from either the base or above it; perfect acrodromous is used when these veins converge near the apex; e.g., Strychnos (Loganiaceae); imperfect acrodromous is used when these veins do not converge at the apex. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Ciliate leaf margin. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Leaf venation actinodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which three or more primary veins diverge radially from a single point either at (basal actinodromous) or above (suprabasal actinodrmous) the point of attachment of the petiole. The primary veins can either converge at the apex (perfect actinodromous) or not converge at the apex (imperfect actinodromous). Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information on leaf venation see Ellis et al., 2009. Actinodromous leaf venation. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Leaf venation basal acrodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins arch upward from the base and converge at or close to the apex.. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Leaf venation acrodromous. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation basal actinodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which three or more primary veins diverge radially from a single point at point of attachment of the petiole. Actinodromous leaf venation. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Leaf venation brochidodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin but join to form a series of prominent arches that form a submarginal nerve; for example, in many Myrtaceae. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Camptodromous leaf venation.
Leaf venation brochidodromous Secondaries joined together in a series of prominent arches. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information abouit leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Camptodromous leaf venation.
Leaf venation brochidodromous festooned Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin but join to form a series of prominent arches that form a submarginal nerve and, in addtion, the secondary veins possess closed loops toward their apices. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Leaf venation festooned brochidodromous. Photos by C. A. Gracie.
Leaf venation camptodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin; in one type each secondary vein connects with the seconday vein above it (brochidodromous) and in the other type the secondary veins do not connect with the secondary vein above it (eucamtodromous). Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Camptodromous leaf venation.
Leaf venation camptodromous A type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margens Camptodromous leaf venation
Leaf venation campylodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which a series of more or less equal primary veins originate from a common point at the base, arch upward, and reunite toward the apex; e.g., species of Aristolochia (Aristolochiaceae). Campylodromous leaf venation. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation cladodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins branch freely before they reach the margin. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Several leaf venation types. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation eucamptodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not reach the margin and do not form a series of prominent arches. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Eucamptodromous leaf venation. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation eucamptodromous Secondaries upturned and gradually diminishing apically inside the margin but not connecting to the secondary above it. Based on (Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al. (2009). Eucamptodromous leaf venation
Leaf venation flabellate Referring to leaf venation with several to many fine basal veins that spread out from the base like a fan and divide somewhat toward the apex. Based on Ellis et al., 2009. Flabellate (flabelliform) leaves and short shorts. Photos by S. A. Mori.
Leaf venation hyphodromous Referring to a leaf blade with all but the midvein absent or not visible because the leaf blade is too fleshy for them to be seen. Hyphodromous leaf venation. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation imperfect acrodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins arch upward from or above the base and do not converge at the apex. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Hyphodromous leaf venation. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation mixed craspedodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which some of the secondary veins terminate at the leaf margins and the remainder of the secondary veins do not, e.g. half of the secondary veins are craspedodromous and the other half camptodromous. Types of craspedodromous leaf venation. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation perfect acrodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins arch upward from the base or above the base and converge near the apex. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Leaf venation acrodromous. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation reticulodromous Referring to a leaf venation type in which the secondary veins form a network of veins soon after departing from the midrib. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Several leaf venation types. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation simple craspedodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which all of the secondary veins terminate at the leaf margins. Craspedidromous venation of Fagus grandifolia. Image by S. A. Mori.
Leaf venation suprabasal acrodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which two or more primary or strongly developed secondary veins arch upward from above the base. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Leaf venation acrodromous. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Leaf venation suprabasal actinodromous Referring to a type of leaf venation in which three or more primary veins diverge radially from a single point above the point of attachment of the petiole. Actinodromous leaf venation. Drawing by M. Sashital.
Parallel venation Generally applied to secondary or higher-order veins that are parallel to each other and to the margins of the leaf, sepal, or petal in which they occur but in monocots they are often numerous primary veins of the same size. Parallel venation.
Percurrent tertiary venation Tertiaries from the opposite secondaries joining (Hickey, 1973) Percurrent tertiary venation of Allantoma decandra. Drawing by Y.-Y. Huang
Pinnate venation A type of venation pattern in which the secondary veins run parallel to each other from the midrib toward the margin. Camptodromous leaf venation.
Primary venation The largest (in diameter) vein (e.g., in camptodromous venaton) or veins (e.g., in actindodromous venaton) in a leaf blade. Same as midrib. Venation features of the black oak. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Reticulate tertiary venation Tertiary venation anastomosing with other tertiary veins or with the secondary veins (Hickey, 1973) Abaxial leaf blade surface of Eschweilera spccostarica. Photo by S. A. Mori
Reticulate venation Referring to the venation of a leaf which forms a network. Elliptic leaf blade with reticulate venation. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Secondary venation The second order of venation in a leaf blade, i.e., the veins that arise from the midrib. Venation features of the black oak. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Tertiary venation The third degree or third smallest veins in a leaf blade, arising from the secondary veins. Venation features of the black oak. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Venation The network or pattern of vascular tissue (veins) in a leaf or other organ. Venation features of the black oak. Photo by S. A. Mori.