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Term Definition
Appendage-free ligule The part of a ligule between the staminal ring and the androecial hood that is free of stamens, staminodes, and vestigial stamens (collectively called appendages), or at least the appendages are very sparse compared to their density in the staminal ring or on the hood. Terms associated with a staminal ring zygomorphic-flowered Lecythidaceae with androecial hoods. Drawing by B. Angell.
Ligule A prolongation of the staminal ring from the abaxial side of a flower (Tsou & Mori, 2007) in zygomorphic-flowered species of Lecythidaceae. Terms associated with a staminal ring zygomorphic-flowered Lecythidaceae with androecial hoods. Drawing by B. Angell.
Ligule arched The ligule departs from the staminal ring and is curved for its entire length or, in other words the ligule curves downward from the middle to both its attachment to the staminal ring and to its distal end. Apical view of the flower of Lecythis mesophylla. Photo by X. Cornejo.
Ligule flat A ligule that arches at its departure from the staminal ring and then levels off, in other words the part that is flat is the part that covers the summit of the ovary which also equals the androecial hood. Open flower and section of the flower of Lecythis pisonis. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Ligule undulate A liguler that is similar to flat but is undulate along its length. The most important feature of this ligule shape is that the ligule is not undulate for its entire length. Androecium of Lecythis margraaviana. Photo by A. Popovkin.
Ligule: Couroupita nicaraguarensis-Type The androecium is prolonged from one side of the staminal ring into a ligule that is covered with stamens and staminodes without interruption from the staminal ring to the apex of the ligule, i.e., there is no appendage free ligule and there is no well-differentiated hood. There is, however, a progressive increase in staminodes from the staminal ring to the end of the ligule such that all appendages in the staminal ring are stamens and most appendages at the end of the ligule are staminodes. There are no antherless appendages on the ligule. Ligule of Couroupita nicaraguarensis. Drawing by B. Angell.