Displaying 41 - 80 out of 114 Object(s)
| Term | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
| Gemma (gemmiferous; plural = gemmae) | A specialized vegetative bud that often separates from the parent plant to produce a new plant. The gemmae in bryophytes are grouped together in a cup from which they are splashed out of and dispersed by rain drops. A plant that bears gemmae is said to be gemmiferous. |  |
| Gemmae cups | A small receptacle or cup on upper surface of bryophytes in which gemmae are produced from which they are splashed out of and dispersed by rain drops. |  |
| Gynodioecy (gynodioecious) | Referring to a sexual condition of a species that bears pistillate flowers on some plants and bisexual flowers or staminate flowers as well as pistillate flowers on other plants. |  |
| Gynomonoecy (gynomonoecious) | Referring to a sexual condition of a species that bears pistillate flowers and bisexual flowers on same plants. |  |
| Hapaxanthy (hapaxanthic or hapaxanthous) | Referring to plants that die after a single episode of flowering and fruiting; e.g., many bambusoid Poaceae, some palms, and and some |
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| Haploid | Having one set of chromosomes. See diploid. |  |
| Herkogamy (herkogamous) | In bisexual flowers, the placement of the male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers in different positions within the same plant; for example, a heterostylous species is also a herkogamous species. Approach herkogamy is when the sigma protrodes beyond the stamens and reverse herkogamy is when the anthers protrude beyond the stigma. In the first case, the pollinator touches the stigma before it reaches the anthers and in the second place the pollinator touches the anthers before it reaches the stigma. |  |
| Hermaphrodite | See bisexual; in the Mimosaceae, referring to the presence of both staminate and pistillate flowers in the same inflorescence. |  |
| Heterospory (heterosporous) | Producing two different kinds of spores; e.g., those giving rise to the microgametophytes and megagametophytes of Selaginella, Isoetes, and the flowering plants and the |  |
| Heterostyly (heterostylous) | A condition in which the style and stamen lengths vary among individuals of the same species; e.g., in Coussarea racemosa (Rubiaceae), with flowers with long styles and short stamens and flowers with short styles and long stamens in different trees of the same population. The long-styled flowers are called pin flowers and the short-styled flowers are called thrum flowers. |  |
| Homoecy (homoecious) | Referring to a species that bears only bisexual flowers on each plant. |  |
| Homospory (homosporous) | Producing a single kind of spore; e.g., as in bryophytes, Lycopodium, and most but not all species of ferns. |  |
| Hybrid (hybridization) | The result of a cross between genetically dissimilar individuals, most commonly referring to crosses between two different species. |  |
| Icthyochory (icthyochorous) | Referring to the process by which diaspores are moved from one place to the other (dispersed) by fish. Same as fish seed dispersal. |  |
| Incross | In flowering plants, the production of viable seed by the movement of pollen from one flower to another flower of the same plant.. |  |
| Iteropary (iteroparic or iteroparous) | Referring to plants that flower repeatedly; i.e., those that do not die after a single flowering. Same as polycarpic and pleionanthic; opposite of hapaxanthic and monocarpic. |  |
| Lycopod | Referring to a vascular plant group that does not produce seeds. Lycopodium, Isoetes, and Selaginella are in this group but belong to different orders. Lycopodium is homosporous and the other two genera are heterosporous. | |
| Modified steady state phenology | A flowering strategy in which a few flowers are produced each day over long periods of time but for shorter periods than in steady state species. |  |
| Monocarpy (monocarpic or monocarpous) | Referring to plants that die after a single episode of flowering and fruiting; e.g., many bambusoid Poaceae and Tachigali (Fabaceae). Same as hapaxanthic and semelparic and opposite of iteroparic, pleionanthic, or polycarpic. | |
| Monocliny (monoclinous) | A species with functionally bisexual flowers; there is only one kind of monoclinous species. Same as homoecioius. Compare with dicliny. | |
| Monoecy (monoecious) | Referring to the sexual condition of a species of plant that bears male (staminate) and (female) pistillate flowers on the same plant. This is also an example of one of the two kinds of monoclinous species. Compare with dioecious. |  |
| Moss life cycle | Alternation of generations of a moss . The conspicuous, green, represents the gametophyte generation which is everything between the spore and the embryo in this illustration whereas the sporophyte is consists of the stalk and capsule elevated above the green gametophyte generation. |  |
| Multiple big bang phenology | A flowering strategy in which abundant flowers are produced each day for a few days at several different times of the year. |  |
| Myrmecophory | Referring to ants that carry away diaspores from parent plants. The ants are usually attracted to fleshy structures associated with seeds. Same as ant dispersal. |  |
| Outcrossing | In flowering plants, the production of viable seed by the movement of pollen from one plant to another plant. |  |
| Parthenogenic | The production of offspring from an egg without fertilization. | |
| Perennial | A plant that lives and produces seeds for three or more years. Compare with annual and biennial. |  |
| Phenology | The timing of vegetative and reproductive events in plants and their relationships with abiotic and biotic factors, e.g., flowering times in relationship with seasonal rainfall. | |
| Pin flower | One of two types of flowers found in some species in which the style is long and the stamens are short. Compare with thrum flower; see heterostyly. | |
| Pistillate phase | Refers to species with bisexual flowers that release pollen and have receptive stigmas at different times over the course of floweirng, the pistillate phase is when the stigmas are receptive and the anthers either have or will release their pollen. This serves as a mechanism that promotes outcrossing, especially when the different phases are synchronous on the same plant. |  |
| Pleionanthy (pleionanthic, pleionanthous) | Referring to plants that flower repeatedly; i.e., those that do not die after a single flowering. Same as polycarpous and iteroparous; opposite of hapaxanthic and monocarpic. | |
| Pollen drop | A small drop of liquid similar to nectar that accumulates on the apex of the ovule of gymnosperms. The wind-dispersed pollen of gymnosperms lands on the pollination drop and when it dries the pollen is carried into the ovule where it eventually fertilizes the egg to produce an embryo. See A in the attached figure. |  |
| Pollen guide | Markings on a flower that apparently serve to guide pollinators to pollen which is the reward they receive from the flower. Some are visible to humans, but others are apparent to humans only through ultraviolet photography. |  |
| Pollination (pollinate} | The transfer of pollen from an anther in a flower to the stigma of the same or to a different flower of the same species by pollinators such as the wind, water, insects, and mammals. Pollinate is the act of pollination. |  |
| Pollinator | An agent, such as the wind, water, some insects, and some mammals, that moves pollen from an anther in a flower to the stigma of the same flower or to the stigma of a different flower of the same species. |  |
| Pollinator guide | Markings on a flower that apparently serve to guide pollinators to pollinator rewards, generally pollen or nectar. Some are visible to humans, but others are apparent to humans only through ultraviolet photography. Same as pollen guide or nectar guide. | |
| Pollinator reward | A general term that refers to a reward that an animal pollinator gets when it visits a flower. The reward is usually pollen or nectar. | |
| Polycarpy (polycarpic or (polycarpous) | Referring to plants that flower repeatedly; i.e., those that do not die after a single flowering. Same as iteroparous and pleionanthic; opposite of monocarpic, hapaxanthic and semelparic. | |
| Polygamodioecy (polygamodioecious) | Referring to the sexual condition of a species that bears (male) staminate and bisexual (perfect) flowers on some plants and female (pistillate) and bisexual flowers on other plants. |  |
| Polygamomonoecy (polygamomonoecious) | Referring to the sexual condition of a species that bears staminate, pistillate, and bisexual flowers on the same plant. Same as trimonoecious. |  |