Displaying 81 - 114 out of 114 Object(s)
| Term | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
| Polygamous | Referring to the sexual condition of a species that bears bisexual and unisexual flowers on the same plant, e.g., an andromonoecious plant (with male [staminate] and female [pistillate] species is one example of a polygamous species. |  |
| Polyploidy | Referring to a process in which more than two sets of chromosome numbers are present. This is often the result of hybridization. |  |
| Protandry (protandrous) | Referring to a flower in which the pollen is shed before the stigma is receptive. Sometimes called proterandry (proterandrous). |  |
| Protogyny (protogynous) | Referring to a flower in which the stigma is receptive before the pollen is shed. Sometimes called proterogyny (proterogynous). |  |
| Pseudocopulation | A form of mimicry is displayed by some part of the flower, most commonly the lip in Orchidaceae, that leads to a form of pollination in which a deceived pollinator attempts to copulate with the flower and in the process unwittingly removes the pollinia and carries it to another flower, thereby effecting pollination. | |
| Ramet | An individual part of a clone, e.g., an offshoot. |  |
| Receptive stigma | The time when pollen grains placed on the stigma by a pollinator are able to germinate and, thus, the nuclei they contain can potentially fertilize the egg which then has the chance to grow into an embryo, then become a seedling, and finally a reproductive plant itself. |  |
| Reproductive biology | In this glossary, all terms that refer to asexual and sexual reproduction in the broadest sense. |  |
| Runner | A slender stolon that periodically roots to produce an offshoot of the original plant. |  |
| Secondary pollen presentation | The presentation of pollen to the pollinator in a place other than the anther; e.g., on the style of Vochysiaceae. |  |
| Self-compatible | Referring to a plant in which pollen from a plant can fertilize eggs of the same plant; i.e., a plant that can be self-fertilized. Compare with self-incompatible. |  |
| Self-incompatible | Referring to a plant in which pollen from a plant cannot fertilize ovules of the same plant. Compare with self-compatible. |  |
| Self-pollination | Pollination of a flowers with pollen from the same flower or from another flower on the same plant. | |
| Semelpary (semelparic or semelparous) | Referring to plants that die after a single episode of flowering and fruiting; e.g., many bambusoid Poaceae and Tachigali (Fabaceae). Same as hapaxanthic and semelparic and opposite of iteroparic, pleionanthic, or polycarpic. |  |
| Somatic | Referring to plant cells other than reproductive cells (eggs and sperm). |  |
| Spore | A reproductive cell produced by non-flowering plants (e.g., mosses, liverworts, ferns) and fungi). |  |
| Sporophyte | The spore-producing, diploid (2n) phase of a plant’s life cycle. Compare with gametophyte. |  |
| Sprout | A secondary shoot arising from the base of a tree or shrub. Preferred over sucker. |  |
| Staminate phase | Refers to species with bisexual flower that release pollen and have receptive stigmas at different times over the course of floweirng, the staminate phase is when the anthers shed pollen. This serves as a mechanism that promotes outcrossing, especially when the phases are synchronous among flowers on the same plant. | |
| Steady state phenology | A flowering strategy in which a few flowers are produced each day over most of the year during the reproductive life cylcle of the plant. |  |
| Sterile hybrid | A hybrid that does not produce viable seeds. |  |
| Stolon (stoloniferous) | A horizontal stem that is located above the ground and usually produces adventitious roots and vertical stems at the nodes. Stoloniferous refers to a plant that bears stolons. | |
| Sucker | A secondary shoot arising from the base of a tree or shrub or from the bases of many monocots. Same as sprout which is the prefered term. | |
| Tetraploid | Having double the normal number of chromosomes, in this case the chromsome number is listed as 4N. | |
| Thrum flower | One of two types of flowers found in some species in which the style is short and the stamens are long. Compare with pin flower; see also heterostyly. |  |
| Tridioecious | Referring to the sexual condition of a species that bears only staminate flowers on some plants, only pistillate flowers on some plants, and staminate plus pistillate flowers or bisexual flowers on other plants. |  |
| Trimonoecy (trimonoecious) | Referring to the sexual condition of a species that bears staminate, pistillate, and bisexual flowers on the same plant. Same as polygamomonoecious. |  |
| Tristyly (tristylous) | The condition in which three different style lengths and corresponding stamen lengths are found in the same species, the flower morphs are short styled, intermediate styled, and long styled. |  |
| Turion | A bud or shoot characteristic of aquatic plants that enables them to overwinter. |  |
| Vegetative reproduction | Referring to non-sexual reproduction, by ramets developing from stolons, sprouts from rhizomes, budding from the leaves, tubers, or bulblets. |  |
| Water dispersal | Referring to diaspores that are carried away from the mother plant by water. Most water dispersed seed have corky seed coats. However, other species have seeds with arched cotyledons that surround air spaces that give the seeds bouyancy and others have entire fruits that fall into the water. |  |
| Wind dispersal | Referring to a type of seed dispersal in which the diaspores are carried away from the mother plant by the wind. The most common types of wind-dispersed plants are those with winged fruits and seeds and comose seeds. Same as anemochory. |  |
| Wind pollination | Pollination by the wind, i.e., the movement of pollen by the from the stamens of a flower to the stigma of another flower. This includes movement for the anther to the stigma of the same flower, from the anther to the stigma of another flower on the same plant, or from the anther of a flower on one plant to the stigma of a flower on another plant. Same as anemophily. |  |
| Xenogamy (Xenogamous) | Referring to the fertilization of the ovules of a flower by pollen from a flower on a different plant. Compare with geitonogamous. |  |