Taxon Details: Boletus flavoruber Halling & M.Mata
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Multimedia:
 fig 1 Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 120. p.259. 2004 (2005).thumb.jpg)
 fig 1 Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 120. p.259. 2004 (2005).jpg)
Narratives:
Family:
Boletaceae (Basidiomycota)
Boletaceae (Basidiomycota)
Scientific Name:
Boletus flavoruber Halling & M.Mata
Boletus flavoruber Halling & M.Mata
Primary Citation:
Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 120: 258 (Paren Date 2005). 2004
Bull. Soc. mycol. Fr. 120: 258 (Paren Date 2005). 2004
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Description:
Latin description: Differt inter species sectionis Luridi hymenophoro subdecurrenti; pileo juvenili brunneo maturitate claroflavo stipiteque vix reticulato ac mycelio basilari albo.
Type: COSTA RICA. San José: Dota, Jardín, ±3.5 km W of Interamerican Highway at Empalme, 9°42'52"N, 83°58'28"W, 2220 m, 5 June 2004, Halling 8593 (Holotypus: USJ; Isotypus: NY).
Description: Pileus 4.5-13 cm broad when mature, dry to tacky, convex to plano-convex to plane, subtomentose to matted subtomentose, dark brown to dark reddish brown (8F8) when young, becoming pale reddish brown with red fibrillose to subsquamulose scales at first over a yellow ground, becoming finely areolate with age, and eventually yellow (4A5) when mature. Flesh up to 1.5-2.5 cm thick when mature, bright yellow (3A6) to pale pinkish buff, rapidly changing to blue when exposed, then becoming white with a pale blue cast; odor and taste mild. Tubes adnate to shallowly subdecurrent or barely adnexed, rather shallow (4-10 mm long), yellow (3A5,4), changing rapidly to blue when exposed; pores red (7,8C-D8,7) staining blue green when bruised, less than 1 mm broad (3-4/mm). Stipe 4.5-9(-11) cm long, (0.6-)1-2.3 cm broad, strict or curved, slightly broader at base or ±equal, sometimes expanded at the apex with age, dry, yellow at apex, progressively redder (7,8C-D8,7) towards base, becoming rhubarb red near the base, deep yellow at base when young, changing to blue green when bruised, with fine apical red reticulum for about 7-9(-20) mm, subpruinose streaked to finely pruinose below, with white basal mycelium; interior solid, deep yellow, changing to blue when exposed.
Description (cont.): Basidiospores olive brown in deposit, 9.1-11.9 × 4.2-4.9 µm, (n=20, x=10.6 × 4.4 µm, Q=2.41), ellipsoid to subfusoid, smooth, pale yellowish brown in KOH, dextrinoid. Basidia 26-32 × 8-10 µm, clavate, 4-sterigmate, hyaline. Hymenophoral trama bilateral, inamyloid, with lateral strata gelatinizing with age and diverging from a central strand, the latter occasionally with oleiferous elements; hyphae 3.5-9 µm broad. Hymenial cystidia present, 22-50 × 4-8 µm, more abundant near the pores, obclavate to broadly fusoid, thin-walled, hyaline, or those near the pores often with a dark honey-colored content. Pileus tramal hyphae inamyloid, smooth, thin-walled. Pileipellis a tangled trichodermium of cylindric hyphae, suberect to subrepent, hyaline or with dark honey colored, homogeneous content, smooth and thin-walled in KOH, often with dextrinoid, plaque-like encrusting pigment in Melzer's, 5-7 µm broad. Stipitipellis hyphae giving rise to caulocystidia, hyaline or with honey-colored or globular red brown content, inamyloid, subclavate to clavate to cylindric or rarely subfusoid. Clamp connections absent.
Habit, habitat, and distribution: Gregarious to subcespitose in soil under Quercus seemannii Leibm., Q. rapurahuensis Pittier ex Trel., Q. copeyensis C. H. Müll. Currently known from montane oak forests in the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Talamanca of Costa Rica.
Material examined: Costa Rica. San José, Dota: Jardín, ±3.5 km W of Interamerican Highway at Empalme, 9°42'52"N, 83°58'28"W, 2220 m, 5 June 1996, Halling 7623 (NY, USJ); 1 July 1998, Halling 7796 (NY, USJ). Alajuela, Grecia: Grecia, Reserva Forestal Grecia, Bosque del Niño (Poas Volcano), 10º9'4"N, 84º14'42"W, 1900 m, 18 May 1996, Halling 7537 (NY, USJ); 31 May 1996, Halling 7599 (NY, USJ); 28 May 2004, E. Fletes 6147 (INB 3858224); 6 June 2004, M. Mata 1387 (INB 3848223).
Commentary: This fifth member of section Luridi found in neotropical montane (>1000 m elevation) oak forests is distinctive by virtue of the initially red brown pileus that soon becomes yellow with age. The shallow hymenophore and slender stature are also noteworthy. Phenotypically, B. pyrrhosceles Halling described from Colombia (Halling 1992) appears most similar because of the stipe color and fine, apical reticulum, but the latter species differs by virtue of a yellow basal mycelium, tomentose to matted stipe surface, and a reddish brown pileus that does not become yellow, but rather fades to a paler brown. Three other members of section Luridi, B. frostii J. L. Russell, B. luridus Schaeff.:Fr., and B. vermiculosus Peck have been found in montane Costa Rica, but, among other features, these first two differ significantly because of conspicuously reticulate, alveolate-reticulate stipes, and overall colors. Boletus vermiculosus lacks any reticulate ornamentation on the stipe, the pileus remains brown throughout development, and the pores are dark brown to maroon soon fading to brownish yellow. It should be noted here that Boletus floridanus (Singer) Murrill also occurs in the neotropics, but at present, its southern limit appears to be at low elevations (<1000 m) under oaks in Belize (Halling, pers. obs.).
Source: The protologue was published in French. Title of paper: Boletus flavoruber un nouveau bolet du Costa Rica. English language data for Type, Material Examined, Description, Habit, Habitat, Distribution, and Commentary from R. E. Halling. Latin Description also from R. E. Halling.
Latin description: Differt inter species sectionis Luridi hymenophoro subdecurrenti; pileo juvenili brunneo maturitate claroflavo stipiteque vix reticulato ac mycelio basilari albo.
Type: COSTA RICA. San José: Dota, Jardín, ±3.5 km W of Interamerican Highway at Empalme, 9°42'52"N, 83°58'28"W, 2220 m, 5 June 2004, Halling 8593 (Holotypus: USJ; Isotypus: NY).
Description: Pileus 4.5-13 cm broad when mature, dry to tacky, convex to plano-convex to plane, subtomentose to matted subtomentose, dark brown to dark reddish brown (8F8) when young, becoming pale reddish brown with red fibrillose to subsquamulose scales at first over a yellow ground, becoming finely areolate with age, and eventually yellow (4A5) when mature. Flesh up to 1.5-2.5 cm thick when mature, bright yellow (3A6) to pale pinkish buff, rapidly changing to blue when exposed, then becoming white with a pale blue cast; odor and taste mild. Tubes adnate to shallowly subdecurrent or barely adnexed, rather shallow (4-10 mm long), yellow (3A5,4), changing rapidly to blue when exposed; pores red (7,8C-D8,7) staining blue green when bruised, less than 1 mm broad (3-4/mm). Stipe 4.5-9(-11) cm long, (0.6-)1-2.3 cm broad, strict or curved, slightly broader at base or ±equal, sometimes expanded at the apex with age, dry, yellow at apex, progressively redder (7,8C-D8,7) towards base, becoming rhubarb red near the base, deep yellow at base when young, changing to blue green when bruised, with fine apical red reticulum for about 7-9(-20) mm, subpruinose streaked to finely pruinose below, with white basal mycelium; interior solid, deep yellow, changing to blue when exposed.
Description (cont.): Basidiospores olive brown in deposit, 9.1-11.9 × 4.2-4.9 µm, (n=20, x=10.6 × 4.4 µm, Q=2.41), ellipsoid to subfusoid, smooth, pale yellowish brown in KOH, dextrinoid. Basidia 26-32 × 8-10 µm, clavate, 4-sterigmate, hyaline. Hymenophoral trama bilateral, inamyloid, with lateral strata gelatinizing with age and diverging from a central strand, the latter occasionally with oleiferous elements; hyphae 3.5-9 µm broad. Hymenial cystidia present, 22-50 × 4-8 µm, more abundant near the pores, obclavate to broadly fusoid, thin-walled, hyaline, or those near the pores often with a dark honey-colored content. Pileus tramal hyphae inamyloid, smooth, thin-walled. Pileipellis a tangled trichodermium of cylindric hyphae, suberect to subrepent, hyaline or with dark honey colored, homogeneous content, smooth and thin-walled in KOH, often with dextrinoid, plaque-like encrusting pigment in Melzer's, 5-7 µm broad. Stipitipellis hyphae giving rise to caulocystidia, hyaline or with honey-colored or globular red brown content, inamyloid, subclavate to clavate to cylindric or rarely subfusoid. Clamp connections absent.
Habit, habitat, and distribution: Gregarious to subcespitose in soil under Quercus seemannii Leibm., Q. rapurahuensis Pittier ex Trel., Q. copeyensis C. H. Müll. Currently known from montane oak forests in the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Talamanca of Costa Rica.
Material examined: Costa Rica. San José, Dota: Jardín, ±3.5 km W of Interamerican Highway at Empalme, 9°42'52"N, 83°58'28"W, 2220 m, 5 June 1996, Halling 7623 (NY, USJ); 1 July 1998, Halling 7796 (NY, USJ). Alajuela, Grecia: Grecia, Reserva Forestal Grecia, Bosque del Niño (Poas Volcano), 10º9'4"N, 84º14'42"W, 1900 m, 18 May 1996, Halling 7537 (NY, USJ); 31 May 1996, Halling 7599 (NY, USJ); 28 May 2004, E. Fletes 6147 (INB 3858224); 6 June 2004, M. Mata 1387 (INB 3848223).
Commentary: This fifth member of section Luridi found in neotropical montane (>1000 m elevation) oak forests is distinctive by virtue of the initially red brown pileus that soon becomes yellow with age. The shallow hymenophore and slender stature are also noteworthy. Phenotypically, B. pyrrhosceles Halling described from Colombia (Halling 1992) appears most similar because of the stipe color and fine, apical reticulum, but the latter species differs by virtue of a yellow basal mycelium, tomentose to matted stipe surface, and a reddish brown pileus that does not become yellow, but rather fades to a paler brown. Three other members of section Luridi, B. frostii J. L. Russell, B. luridus Schaeff.:Fr., and B. vermiculosus Peck have been found in montane Costa Rica, but, among other features, these first two differ significantly because of conspicuously reticulate, alveolate-reticulate stipes, and overall colors. Boletus vermiculosus lacks any reticulate ornamentation on the stipe, the pileus remains brown throughout development, and the pores are dark brown to maroon soon fading to brownish yellow. It should be noted here that Boletus floridanus (Singer) Murrill also occurs in the neotropics, but at present, its southern limit appears to be at low elevations (<1000 m) under oaks in Belize (Halling, pers. obs.).
Source: The protologue was published in French. Title of paper: Boletus flavoruber un nouveau bolet du Costa Rica. English language data for Type, Material Examined, Description, Habit, Habitat, Distribution, and Commentary from R. E. Halling. Latin Description also from R. E. Halling.