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Term Definition
Chaparral Una región moderadamente temperada con inviernos húmedos y frescos y veranos largos y secos, cuya vegetación está dominada por arbustos esclerófilos sempevirentes.
Character A morphological, anatomical, or molecular feature of an organism that helps distinguish a taxon from other taxa. Character
Character state The variation in a character of a plant, e.g., flower color is a character and if there are only blue and white flowers in a given species these two colors represent character states. Character state
Chartaceous Having the texture of a thick paper.
Chartaceous With a thick paper texture
Chasmogamia Se refiere a aquellas flores que abren antes de la fertilización y usualmente son de polinización cruzada.
Chasmogamy (chasmogamous) Referring to flowers that open before fertilization and usually are cross-pollinated. Chasmogamy (chasmogamous)
Chevron A V-shaped pattern most commonly associated with leaves. Chevron
Chimera An animal or a plant with genetically and morphologically different tissue on the same plant. The term is derived from Greek mythology and refers to a mythological animal composed of a lion, goat, and a serpent. Sometimes this term is also used to describe a plant derived from grafting, e.g., stems of Brazil nut trees grafted onto the root stock of another Brazil nut tree resulting in parts of the same tree with different genetic makeups. In Lecythidaceae, we use this term to describe the spontaneous occurence of anomalous flowers on a plant with normal flowers and assume that this difference is caused by a mutation. Chimera
Chiropterochory (chiropterochorous) Referring to diaspores that are carried away from the mother plant by bats. Most bat-dispersed seeds dispersed by bats have either berry-like fruits or fruits with the seeds provided with a fleshy associated structure such as an aril. A few other species have the fruits surrounded by a fleshy perianth (e.g., the diaspores of species of Cecropia). Same as bat-dispersed. Chiropterochory (chiropterochorous)
Chiropterophily Pollination by bats. There are two main types of bat pollinaton. In one type the bats are relatively small and capable of hovering in front of flowers, these bats occupy the same nich occupied by hummingbirds during the day and belong to the subfamily Glossophaginae. Most of the flowers pollinated by this group of bats have tubular or bell-shaped flowers but they do visit flowers of the other type as well. In the other type, the bats land on the flowers and consist of many flowers aggregated into heads (e.g., species of Parkia) or are brush-like (e.g., Pseudobombax munguba). Chiropterophily
Chlorophyll The green pigment in plant cells that plays an essential role in photosynthesis; most plants have chlorophyll but some, such as saprophytes, lack chlorophyll.
Chorcho, corchosa, corchoso Ver peridermo.
Choripetalous corolla Haviing petals free from one another. Same as polypetalous; opposite of gamopetalous and sympetalous. Choripetalous corolla
Cianobacteria Bacteria verde-azul parecida en muchos aspectos a las algas eucariotas.
Ciatiforme Con forma de una copa.
Ciatio Tipo de inflorescencia que consiste de varias flores estaminadas desnudas, las que usualmente están acompañadas por una flor pistilada desnuda, todas agrupadas, subtendidas y mayormente encerradas por un involucro con forma de una copa; es característica de Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae).
Ciliada, ciliado (diminutivo ciliolada, ciliolado) Que poseee tricomas rectos en el margen, a manera de cilios o cortos pelos.
Ciliate (diminutive = ciliolate) Fringed on margin with straight trichomes finer than those of a fimbriate margin. Ciliate (diminutive = ciliolate)
Cilindro de vainas abrazadoras Ver capitel.
Cima Una inflorescencia determinada en la que el crecimiento del eje central termina en una flor que abre primero y cuyas ramificaciones laterales terminan en una flor. Cuando este patrón se repite varias veces a menudo resulta en una inflorescencia de ápice plano
Cima dicasial Una inflorescencia determinada que posee un eje central desarrollado y termina en una flor que abre primero y subtiende a un par de ramas que rematan en una flor solitaria.
Cima escorpioide Una inflorescencia determinada cuyas ramas laterales se desarrollan hacia un solo lado de la inflorescencia.
Cima helicoide Una inflorescencia determinada, simpódica cuyas ramas laterales se desarrollan de manera alterna hacia a un y otro lado de la inflorescencia.
Cimbiforme Con la forma de un bote.
Cimosa Parecida a una cima
Cimosa, cimoso Como una cima.
Címula Una pequeña cima.
Cincinnus (plural = cincinni) A type of helicoid cyme, usually characterized by short internodes.
Cincino Tipo de cima helicoide, usualmente caracterizada por poseer entrenudos cortos.
Cinérea, cinéreo De color de la ceniza o plomo claro.
Cinereous Ash-colored or light gray. Cinereous
Cipsela Fruto seco indehiscente derivado de un ovario inferior bicarpelar; por ejemplo, en Asteraceae. Es similar a un aquenio, pero difiere por su origen de un ovario inferior.
Circinada, circinado Enrollada desde el ápice y hacia abajo, como en los brotes nuevos de las hojas de los helechos, pero también característico de algunas inflorescencias. Por ejemplo en Plumbaginaceae y Boraginaceae.
Circinate (circinotropous) Coiled from the tip downward, as in the fiddlehead of a fern, but also characteristic of some inflorescences; e.g., in Plumbaginaceae or Boraginaceae.
Circular A plane shape round in outline.
Circular Una forma plana cuya periferia es redonda.
Circum- A prefix meaning around, e.g., see circumboreal.
Circum- Prefijo que significa alrededor. Por ejemplo ver circumboreal.
Circumaustral Referring to a plant or animal distributed around the high latitudes of the southern hemisphere. Circumaustral
Circumaustral Se refiere a una planta o animal distribuido a lo largo de elevadas latitudes del hemisferio sur.
Circumboreal Referring to the distribution of a plant or animal that is found throughout the boreal region, i.e., the northern regions of Eurasia and North America.
Circumboreal Se refiere a la distribución de una planta o animal que se encuentra a lo largo de la región boreal. Por ejemplo, en las regiones del norte de Eurasia y Norteamerica,
Circumferentially winged seed A wing completely surrounding the circumference of the seed. Circumferentially winged seed
Circumscissile capsule Dehiscing via a line around a fruit with the top usually falling off like the lid of a jar. Circumscissile capsule
Circumscissile capsule Referring to a fruit that opens by an operculum. Circumscissile capsule
Circumsessile Dehiscente a lo largo de una línea alrededor del fruto, cuya valva se desprende como la tapa de un frasco. Por ejemplo, en los frutos de muchas Lecythidaceae.
Cirrhose (= cirrose) Resembling a tendril.
Cirro Extensión del ráquis de una hoja con forma de un látigo delgado que está armado con espinas reflexas para ayudar a trepar. Por ejemplo, en las especies de Desmoncus (Arecaceae).
Cirrosa, cirroso Parecido a un zarcillo.
Cirrus A whiplike extension of the leaf rachis that is armed with reflexed spines and aids in climbing; e.g., in species of Desmoncus (Arecaceae).
Cistolito Cristal típicamente de Carbonato de Calcio (CaCO3) localizado en las células epidérmicas de la superficie de las hojas de ciertas plantas (e.g., Acanthaceae), y que aparecen como una protuberancia o una raya de color más claro.
Clade A monophyletic evolutionary line. Clade
Clado Una línea evolutiva monofilética.
Cladode A flattened, green, photosynthetic stem; e.g., in some Cactaceae. Cladode
Cladodio Tallo aplanado, verde, fotosintético. Por ejemplo, en las Cactaceae.
Clasping At least partially enclosing the axis; e.g., the base of a leaf that partially surrounds the stem on which it is borne. Same as amplexicaul. Clasping
Class A unit of classification. A phylum is divided into classes; e.g., the Liliopsida (monocots) and Magnoliopsida (dicots) are the two classes of Magnoliophyta (flowering plants) in the system of Cronquist (1981).
Clathrate Latticelike in appearance.
Clavate Club-shaped; e.g., in the Lecythidaceae many of the stamens of zygomorphic-flowered species are clavate. Clavate
Claviforme Con forma de una clava o porra. En las Lecythidaceae, muchos de los estambres de las flores zigomorfas son claviformes
Clavuncle The expanded distal part of the style, including the stigma, in some species of Apocynaceae. Same as style head. Clavuncle
Claw (clawed) Referring to a structure, such as a petal, that is abruptly constricted toward the base (having a claw). Same as unguiculate. Claw (clawed)
Cleistógama, cleistogamia Se refiere a aquellas flores que no abren y usualmente se autopolinizan.
Cleistogamy (cleistogamous) Referring to flowers that do not open and usually are self-fertilized. Cleistogamy (cleistogamous)
Clinandrium In the Orchidaceae, the portion of the column upon which the anther is borne; the columnar tissue surrounding or covering the anther.
Clinandro Equivalente a androclino.
Clipper pole (= plant pruner) Clipper poles are used to collect plants from trees, epiphytes, and lianas that are too high to collect from the ground. We prefer aluminum poles because they are lighter than fiber glass and wood poles. In addition, the fiber glass poles tend to split at the bottom of the pole. The clilpper pole cutting head should be as light as possible because it is extremely difficult to manipulate a pole off the vertical if the cutting head is too heavy. In addition, a heavy clipper head tends to bend the poles; thus making them much more difficut to handle. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com. Clipper pole (= plant pruner)
Clon Una población de plantas producida por reproducción asexual cuyos individuos poseen la misma composición genetica.
Clone A population of plants produced by asexual reproduction resulting in individual members with the same genetic composition. Clone
Clorofila Pigmento verde que se encuentra en las células vegetales, juega un papel esencial en la fotosíntesis. La mayoría de las plantas poseen clorofila, pero en algunas como en las saprófitas la clorofila está ausente
Cloud forest A mid-elevation vegetation type often covered in clouds. Cloud forest is dominated by low, snarled trees covered with mosses and liverworts. Species of orchids are abundant in this vegetation type and tree ferns are often conspicuous. Depending on local climate, distance from the sea, and isolation from other mountain ranges, cloud forest can be found between 500 and 4000 meters but it is most frequent between 1000 and 2000 meters. Cloud forest
Cloud forest A mid-elevation vegetation type often covered in clouds. Cloud forest is dominated by trees covered with mosses and liverworts. Species of orchids are abundant in this vegetation type and tree ferns are often conspicuous. Depending on local climate, distance from the sea, and isolation from other mountain ranges, cloud forest can be found between 500 and 4000 meters but it is most frequent between 1000 and 2000 meters. Cloud forest
Coccus (plural = cocci) One of the parts of a dry fruit that breaks into usually 1-seeded segments; e.g., the fruit of Serjania spp. (Sapindaceae); in the Euphorbiaceae, one of the sections of the wall of a dry dehiscent fruit.
Cochleariform Concave like a spoon.