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Term	Definition
Pulvinulus (pl. = pulvinulus, adj. = pulvinate or pulvinulate)	An enlargement at the base of the petiole or petiolule of leaves.
Pulvinus (plural = pulvini)	An enlargement of a portion of the petiole, without an apparent function (e.g., Protium, Burseraceae) or sometimes controlling the orientation of the leaf or leaflet (e.g., Mimosa polydactyla and M. pudica, Fabaceae).
Puna	A Spanish term referring to a high altitude, rather dry, Andean vegetation dominated by grasses and ranging from Peru southward.
Punctate	With small dots or streaks that transmit light when held against a light source, with sunken glands, or colored dots; especially easy to see in species of Myrtaceae and Rutaceae.
Punctation (adj. = punctate)	A translucent glandular dot or streak such as found on the leaves of Myrtaceae or Rutaceae or an opaque dot found in other families, such as the Lecythidaceae.
Punctiform	Dotlike, reduced to a mere point, e.g., the apex of some styles.
Punteado	Se refiere a una superficie vegetal que presenta pequeños puntos que permiten el paso de la luz al observarse una hoja a contraluz, glándulas hundidas o puntos coloreados, especialmente vistos en las especies de Myrtaceae y Rutaceae
Purpureus	Red-violet but closer to red than blue.
Pustule (adj. pustulate)	A small pimple-like eruption from the surface of part of a plant; e.g., from the hypanthium.
Pustule (adj. pustulate)	A small pimple-like eruption from the surface of part of a plant; e.g., from the hypanthium.
Pyramidate	Pyramid-shaped.
Pyrene	In the Burseraceae, the part of the fruit surrounding a seed or seeds that is derived from the endocarp and is sometimes surrounded by a pseudaril. Similar to a stone but we restrict stones to only drupes or drupelets with a single seed.
Pyriform	Pear-shaped.
Pyxidium, pyxidiate	A capsular fruit with circumscissile dehiscence.
Quadrate	Square.
Quadrilateral	Referring to a plane shape with four sides.
Quaternary vein	Referring to fourth order leaf veins which are intermediate in diameter between tertiary and quinary veins.
Quaternate	Referring to a type of leaf arrangement in which four leaves are found at each node.
Quillada, quillado	Que posee una quilla. Lo mismo que carinada.
Quincuncial	Referring to a type of imbricate aestivation of five sepals or petals, two with both margins inside, two with both margins outside, and one with one margin inside and the other margin outside.
Raceme	An indeterminate inflorescence with a single axis, the flowers borne on pedicels of more or less equal length, and the uppermost flower the youngest. Compare with spike.
Racemose	Racemelike.
Rachilla	The axis of a spikelet of a Cyperaceae or a Poaceae along which are placed the florets.
Rachis (alt. spelling = rhachis)	The axis of a compound leaf (excluding the petiole) or of an inflorescence (excluding the peduncle); in legumes, that part of the leaf axis bearing leaflets of any order.
Rachlla	A secondary axis of an inflorescence; e.g., the axis of the spikelet in Poaceae or the axis that bears the flowers in Arecaceae.
Racimo	Una inflorescencia indeterminada, de eje simple, no ramificada, que porta flores pediceladas y cuyas flores más jovenes están hacia la porción distal. Comparar con espiga
Radial thickenings	A series of protuberances arranged in a spoke-like pattern around the top of the supracalycine zone just outside the line of opercular dehiscence.
Radially symmetrical	Same as actinomorphic.
Radially symmetrical flower	A flower, capable of being divided, by more than one line passing through the middle of the flower, into two equal parts that are mirror images of one another; e.g., in Gustavia (Lecythidaceae), species of Myrtaceae, and species of Rubiaceae. Same as actinomorphic, polysymmetric, and regular flowers and opposite of zygomorphic, monosymmetric, bilateral, and irregular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well.
Radially symmetrical pollen	In the Malpighiaceae, referring to pollen with pores on the equator and colpi, if present, oriented at right angles to the equator.
Radiate capitulum (head)	Inflorescence of Asteraceae with marginal ray flowers and central disk flowers.
Radicant	Rooting, usually referring to a prostrate or aerial stem giving rise to roots at the nodes.
Radicle	The lower portion of the embryo that develops into the root. Same as hypocotyl.
Rain forest	A low, large tree dominated forest found from sea level to around 500 meters in Latin America. Dominant trees families are members of the Burseraceae, Chrysobalanceae, Lecythidaceae, Moraceae, Sapotaceae etc. but the composition of the forest can vary geographically, for example, the rain forests of eastern Brazil are sometimes dominated by species of Myrtaceae. The largest trees in neotropical rain forests usually do not exceed 65 meters in height. True rain forest does not have a marked tree season but currently the rain forest concept does include some forests with short dry seasons.
Raiz adventicia, raíces adventicias	Son aquellas raíces que nacen de alguna parte de la planta que no es la raiz primaria; por ejemplo, las raíces que nacen de la base del tallo en la planta de maiz (Zea mays).
Raíz aerea, raíces aéreas	Raíces adventicias de lianas y hemiepífitas que habitan el dosel superior de un bosque y que se clavan en el suelo o algún otro substrato; por ejemplo, en algunas especies de Clusia (Clusiaceae) and Philodendron (Araceae).
Raíz contráctil, raíces contráctiles	Se refiere a una raíz que se alarga y luego se contrae, usualmente para mantener a cierto nivel en el suelo a un bulbo, cormo, o rizoma.
Raíz fúlcrea, raíces fúlcreas	Raíz aérea, más o menos circular en sentido transversal; por ejemplo, las de Socratea exorrhiza (Arecaceae).
Raíz tabular	Raíz verticalmente aplanada, emergente sobre el suelo, que está localizada lateralmente en la base del tronco; contrafuerte en forma de tabla o parietiforme. Equivalente a contrafuerte
Rama	División de un tallo, o eje de crecimiento de una planta.
Ramet	An individual part of a clone, e.g., an offshoot.
Ramicaul	Secondary stem of some Orchidaceae.
Ramiflorous	Producing flowers on leafless branches or leafless parts of stems; a special type of cauliflory. Compare with cauliflorous.
Ramiflorous inflorescence	Refers to inflorescences that arise from the branches. Inflorescences that arise from the trunk are called cauliflorous. The branches can be much smaller in diameter than those shown here.
Ramiflorous inflorescence	Refers to inflorescences that arise from the branches. Inflorescences that arise from the trunk are called cauliflorous. The branches can be much smaller in diameter than those shown here.
Ramifructus	Fruits born on the branches.
Ramita, ramilla	Rama terminal
Ranalean odor	See ethereal oils.
Rank, ranked	A vertical row; e.g., leaves that are in two vertical rows are said to be 2-ranked.
Raphe	A ridge on a seed formed by the fusion of the funicle to the seed coat, usually indicated by a scar after the seed has been formed.
Raphe	A ridge on a seed formed by the fusion of the funicle to the seed coat, usually indicated by a scar after the seed has been formed.
Raphide	A needle-shaped crystal of calcium oxalate found in the cells of some plants.
Raquis	Eje de una hoja compuesta (excluido el peciolo), o de una inflorescencia (excluido el pedúnculo); por ejemplo, en las Leguminosas, el raquis es la parte del eje de las hojas que sostiene a las hojuelas
Ray	A radial band of tissue in the wood of vascular plants that allows movement of water, nutrients, and photosynthate in stems and trunks; in Cyperaceae, a secondary axis of a compound inflorescence; in Solanum (Solanaceae), a division of a stellate hair.
Ray flower	A zygomorphic flower with a straplike corolla found in Asteraceae. Compare with disk flower.
rbcL	A chloroplast gene that encodes the large subunit of the photosynthetic enzyme ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/ oxygenase.
Receptacle	The more or less expanded apex of the axis beyond the pedicel upon which the floral parts are borne.
Receptacular throat	In the Cactaceae, the part of the receptacle above the receptacular tube.
Receptacular tube	In the Cactaceae, the broadened part of the receptacle between the summit of the ovary and the point at which the receptacle begins to broaden. Same as epigynous hypanthium.
Recepticle	The thickened part of the pedicel from which the flower organs or the fruits arise. In some accessory fruits, for example the pome and strawberry, the receptacle gives rise to the edible part of the fruit.
Receptive stigma	The time when pollen grains placed on the stigma by a pollinator are able to germinate and, thus, the nuclei they contain can potentially fertilize the egg which then has the chance to grow into an embryo, then become a seedling, and finally a reproductive plant itself.
Recruitment Score	0-10 scale of woody diversity recruitment, incorporating reason for lack of recruitment if none is occurring
Recurved	Curved backward.
Reduplicate	In Arecaceae, referring to leaflets that are upside down, V-shaped in transverse section with the apex of the V pointing downward, e.g., as in most species of palms. Opposite of induplicate.
Reed stem	In some Orchids (e.g. Epidendrum), this term refers to having stems that are long and relatively slender, commonly with leaves scattered along the stem.
Reflexed	Abruptly bent backward or downward.
Regular	Ver actinomorfa
Regular flower	A flower, capable of being divided, by more than one line passing through the middle of the flower, into two equal parts that are mirror images of one another; e.g., in Gustavia (Lecythidaceae), species of Myrtaceae, and species of Rubiaceae. Same as actinomorphic, polysymmetric, and radially symmetrical flowers and opposite of zygomorphic, monosymmetric, bilateral, and irregular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well.
Reniform	Kidney-shaped.
Reniforme	Con forma de riñón
Repand	Undulate, usually referring to the margins of leaves or other structures.
Repent	Creeping flat along the ground, usually referring to stems growing along the ground that produce roots at their nodes. Same as prostrate.
Replum	A thin membrane that runs from one side of the fruit to the other side of the fruit in many Brassicaceae that persists after the fruits have dehisced and the seeds have been dispersed, i.e., it is the partition between the two compartments or locules of the fruits.
Reproducción asexual	Se refiere a la producción de nuevas plantas con un método que no involucra la fusión de esperma y huevos. Por ejemplo, reproducción vegetativa por brotes.
Reproductive biology	In this glossary, all terms that refer to asexual and sexual reproduction in the broadest sense.

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