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Term	Definition
Diplochory	Seed dispersal in two different ways, e.g., a seed is eaten by a monkey and then is moved further by ants carrying it away from the monkey's dung.
Diploid	Having two sets of chromosomes; e.g., a plant with a diploid chromosome number of 2n = 24 has two sets of 12 each (one from the paternal and the other from the maternal parent).
Diplostemony (diplostemonous)	With two series of stamens; those of the outer series inserted opposite the sepals, those of the inner series inserted opposite the petals. Compare with obdiplostemonous. Diplostemony is sometimes very difficult to determine in flowers at anthesis but becomes apparent with microtome and SEM studies of bud development of obdiplostemony which is also applicable to diplostemony (Endress, 2010).
Diptera	The order of insects that includes the flies. Some dipterans serve as pollinators.
Disc	A fleshy, lobed, or annular nectariferous structure found within flowers; the position can be either outside or within the stamens. Preffered spelling is disc. Not to be confused with disk flower in the Asteraceae.
Disciform capitulum (head)	An inflorescence of Asteraceae with only disk flowers.
Discoid	In the shape of a thin, flat, circular plate.
Discoid capitulum (head)	Inflorescence of Asteraceae with only disk flowers. Same as disciform capitulum.
Discolor (adj. = dicolorous)	When two sides of an organ, such as a leaf blade, are different colors.
Discolor (adj. = discolorous)	When two sides of an organ, such as a leaf blade, are different colors.
Discolor (adj. = discolorous)	When two sides of an organ, such as a leaf blade, are different colors.
Disjunct	Having two or more populations of a species widely separated from one another, e.g., Galinsoga parviflora is disjunct between temperate North America and South America.
Disk flower	An actinomorphic flower with a tubular corolla found in Asteraceae. Compare with ray flower.
Disozoocórea, disozoocóreo	Tipo de dispersión secundaria de las semillas en la que algunas de las diásporas son llevadas e intencionalmente enterradas o almacenadas por animales dispersores-acumuladores como agoutis (Dasyprocta spp.), mientras que las otras diásporas son comidas y digeridas; por ejemplo, en la dispersión de la nuez de Brasil por los agoutis. Ver dispersor-acumulador.
Dispersal (disperse)	The transport of fruits, parts of fruits, or seeds away from a parent plant by agents such as water, wind, bats, other mammals, ants, scarab beetles, etc. The act of dispersing a diasporte.
Dispersión balística	Tipo de dispersión en la que las semillas son expulsadas del fruto durante en dehiscencia.
Dispersión por viento	Se refiere al modo en que el polen, semillas y frutos son dispersados desde la planta madre con la ayuda del viento. Los tipos más comunes de plantas dispersadas por el viento son aquellas que poseen frutos y semillas alados o semillas comosas
Dispersor-acumulador	Tipo de dispersión secundaria de las semillas en la que algunas de las diásporas son llevadas e intencionalmente enterradas o almacenadas por animales dispersores-acumuladores como agoutis (Dasyprocta spp.), mientras que las otras diásporas son comidas y digeridas; por ejemplo, en la dispersión de la nuez de Brasil por los agoutis. Ver disozoocórea, disozoocóreo.
Dissepiment	See septum.
Distal	Remote from the place of attachment. Opposite of proximal. Same as apical.
Distal	The part of an organ furthest away from the point of attachment.
Distance to Core Score	0-5 scale of how close the site is to the nearest 50 hectare core-area of natural habitat
Distichous	Referring to structures that are arranged in two rows; usually referring to the way in which leaves or bracts are inserted on an axis. Same as two-ranked.
Dístico	En dos hileras, en un mismo plano y de manera alterna. Este término generalmente se aplica a la disposición de las hojas a lo largo de una rama o al de las brácteas a lo largo de un eje.
Distinct	Referring to parts of the same organ not fused with one another; e.g., separate petals are said to be distinct. Compare with free.
Distyly (distylous)	A type of heterostyly in which flowers with both long and short styles occur in different individuals of the same species.
Diurnal	Appearing during the day, such as a flower at anthesis.
Diurnal	Appearing during the day, such as a flower at anthesis.
Divaricate	Widely diverging or spreading.
Divergent	Referring to an organ, such as a flower or the thecae of an anther, that spreads away from the axis to which it is attached.
Division	See phylum.
Dolabriform	Pick-shaped; e.g., the trichomes of some species of Boraginaceae.
Domacio	Una cavidad, cámara cerrada, o agrupación de tricomas, que a menudo se encuentra localizada en las axilas entre las vena primaria y las secundarias, por ejemplo, en Ticorea foetida (Rutaceae), o en la base de la lámina, por ejemplo, Maieta guianensis (Melastomataceae). Suelen estar habitadas por ácaros o insectos, especialmente hormigas.
Domatium (pl. domatia)	A cavity or chamber, mostly associated with leaves, that usually serves as home for ants or mites.
Domatium (plural = domatia)	Referring to axillary cavities, enclosed chambers, hollow stems, hollow petioles, modified stipules, or clusters of trichomes that harbor ants, mites, and other invetebrates. All of these structures are called domatia.
Dormancy	In botany, usually referring to a period of time during which a seed shows no activity; e.g., a seed released during the dry season may remain dormant until rains beginn.
Dorsal	Referring to the back or outward surface of an organ in relation to the axis. Same as abaxial and opposite of ventral (adaxial).
Dorsifixed	Attached at the back; e.g., as in some anthers.
Dorsiventral	Having an upper and lower surface.
Dosel inferior	Estrato hipotético del bosque que esta constituido por las copas de los árboles localizadas debajo del dosel superior y usalmente a menos de 25-35 metros de alto. Comparar con emergente y dosel superior.
Dosel superior	Estrato hipotético del bosque que esta constituido por las copas de los árboles. Esas se encuentran dispuestas formando un nivel aéreo continuo, comúnmente localizado a una altura máxima de 25-35 metros en el Neotrópico. Comparar con emergente y dosel inferior.
Double calyx	A calyx with two apparent whorls; e.g., the calyx of Amphilophium painculatum.
Drepanium	A cymose inflorescence shaped like a sickle.
Drip tip	A long, tapered leaf blade apex that is thought to help water drain form the blades thereby reducing the number of epiphylls that become established on the leaf.
Drupaceous	Like a drupe.
Druparium (plural = druparia)	A cluster of drupelike fruits derived from the carpels of an apocarpous ovary; e.g., in the Simaroubaceae.
Drupe	A single-seeded, indehiscent fruit with three distinct layers: the thin excocarp, often fleshy mesocarp, and the often woody or bony endocarp.
Drupelet	A small drupe, as in the individual segments of a raspberry fruit.
Druplet	Referring to a small drupe that contains a hard endocarp with a single seed.
Drusa	Una masa macisa de carbonato de calcio que se forma en algunas celulas de las plantas.
Druse	A mace-shaped mass of calcium carbonate that forms in some plant cells.
Drying frames	Referring to wood or metal frames upon which a plant press is placed. The heat source can be propane gas, light bulbs, heating strips, or hot plates. The opening in the top of the frame should be covered by a wire mesh to make sure that nothing falls onto the heat source and catches fire. The size of the frame depends upon the number of specimens collected each day and the distance from the plant press to the heat source is determined by the intensity of the heat source. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com.
Duplicate collection	Referring to a collection number that is represented by more than one specimen. For example, a collector working out of a host herbarium should collect at least three collections of plants they are not able to identify 1) the first stays at the host herbarium, 2) the second is sent to a specialist, and 3) the third is archived in the herbarium of the collector. Two duplicates can be made if the collector is able to identify the collection to species and more are usually made if the collection is of special interest. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com.
Dysozoochorous	A type of secondary seed dispersal in which some of the diaspores are carried away and intentionally buried or stored (cached) by scatter-hording animals such as agoutis (Dasyprocta spp.) while the other diaspores are eaten and digested, e.g., the dispersal of Brazil nut seeds by agoutis. Same as scatter-hoarding.
E-	A prefix meaning “without.”
Ecarinate	Lacking a keel. See carinate.
Echinate	Covered with prickles.
Ecology	Dome-like granitic outcrops common on the Guayanan Shield of northeastern South america. Inselbergs are sparsely covered by vegetation which often occurs as clumps here-and-there and separated by bare rocks. Low gnarled trees of species of Clusia are often dominant in this vegetation type. Most inselbergs occur below 1000 meters altitude.
Ectoaperture	The external part of the opening into a pollen grain. Compare with endoaperture.
Edaphic	Of or relating to soil.
Effuse	Widely spreading.
Egg	The female reproductive part of a plant. In the flowering plants (angiosperms), the egg is located at the micropylar end of the megagameophyte flanked on each side by a synergid cell. After fertilization the ege develops into the embryo and the embryo develops into the adult plant.
Ektexine	The outermost layer of the wall of a pollen grain.
Elaiophore	An outgrowth of the flower that secretes oils collected by pollinators.
Elaiosome	A fleshy, oily outgrowth of the seed coat that often attracts ants for dispersing the seeds. Compare with aril and sarcotesta.
Elaiosome	A fleshy, oily outgrowth of the seed coat that is eaten by ants. In the process, the ants often disperse the seeds away from the mother plant.
Electronic key	An electronic key takes advantage of a database to facilitate the identification of an unknown plant to family, genus, or species. Electronic keys generally consist of four boxes as follows: (1) characters and character states upper left hand box), (2) taxa included in the keys, e.g., all of the genera, species, and infraspecific taxa in a plant family or all of the taxa in a Flora (upper right hand box). As choices are made species that do not have given characters are eliminated and appear in the lower right hand box, 3) all of the characters and character states that have been used while progressing through the key (lower left hand box), and 4) all of the taxa that have been rejected as a possible determination (lower right hand box). The advantages of electronic keys are 1) the key can entered no matter what characters are present in the plant being identified, 2) links can be made to electronic glossarys so the meaning of the characters can be understood by consulting their definations and seeing illustrations of them, 3) links can be made to family, generic, and species pages to confirm or reject determinatiions, and 4) a determination is always reached which ideally is a single taxon but if more than one taxon, the possibilities can be accepted or rejected based on viewing the taxon pages.
Eleosoma	Estructura carnosa, aceitosa que cubre a la semilla, a menudo atrae hormigas para dispersión de la semillas. Comparar con arilo y sarcotesta
Elíptica	Se refiere a la forma de estructuras de dos dimensiones como láminas de hojas, brácteas, pétalos y sépalos, cuando la parte medial es más ancha que las partes apical y basal
Ellipsoid	A solid (three-dimensional) structure or organ with an elliptical outline in longitudinal section.
Elliptic	Referring to the outline of essentially two-dimensional structures, such as leaves, bracts, petals, and sepals, which are widest at or near the middle. Elliptic shapes are divided based on their length/width ratios. An elliptic shape has a length to width ration from 2:1 to less than 3:1.
Emarginate	Markedly notched, such as the apex of a leaf or other structure.
Embryo	The young sporophytic plant found inside of the seed.
Embryo	A young seed plant found within the seed, a dicotyledon embryo consists of the hypocotyle, cotyledons (usually two), and the epicotyl.
Embryo air chamber	Referring to an embryo with a chamber inside of the seed caused by bowed cotyledons.

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