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Style head
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The expanded distal part of the style, including the stigma, in some species of Apocynaceae. Same as clavuncle. |
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Style oblique
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Slanting from the verticle. |
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Style umbonate
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Same as ovary summit umbonate. |
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Styloid
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Slender and pointed, needlelike. |
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Stylopodium
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An enlargement at the base of the style as in some species of Apiaceae and Lamiaceae. |
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Sub-
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A prefix meaning “below,” “less than,” or “subordinate.” |
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Subclass
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A unit of classification, a subdivision of a class; e.g., the Magnoliidae and Asteridae are two of the six subclasses of the class Magnoliopsida, according to the system of Cronquist (1981). |
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Submerged
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A structure, such as a vein, emeshed in the tissue in which it occurs to such an extent that it is not visibile; usually referring to leaf veins that are not visible and not projecting above the surface of the leaf blade. |
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Suborbiculate
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A suborbiculate shape is widest at the middle and possesses a length to width ratio of greater than 1.2:1 to 1.5:1. Based on Hickey (1973). For more information about leaf morphology and leaf architecture see Ellis et al. (2009). |
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Subshrub
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A plant that is intermediate between a herb and a shrub and slightly woody only at the base; a perennial plant woody only at the base. Same as suffrutex. |
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Subsidiary cells
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Epidermal cells that surround stomates and are different in shape, size, or position from other epidermal cells. |
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Subsidiary cells
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Epidermal cells that surround stomates and are different in shape, size, or position from other epidermal cells. |
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Subspecies (abbreviated subsp. or ssp.)
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A taxonomic rank just below species and above variety; e.g., Heliconia acuminata subsp. acuminate (Heliconiaceae). Same as ssp. |
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Subsuperior ovary
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A type of inferior ovary in which the sepals, petals, and stamens do not arise clearly from the apex but instead appear to arise from lower down on the ovary. |
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Subulate
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Awl-shaped. |
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Succulent
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Fleshy and juicy, many species of Cactaceae and some species of Euphorbiaceae are succulent. |
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Sucker
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A secondary shoot arising from the base of a tree or shrub or from the bases of many monocots. Same as sprout which is the prefered term. |
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Suffrutescent
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Adjectival form of suffrutex. |
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Suffrutex (plural = suffrutices)
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A plant that is intermediate between a herb and a shrub and slightly woody only at the base; a perennial plant woody only at the base. Same as subshrub. |
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Sulcado
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Surcado o con hendiduras; por ejemplo, el tronco de algunas especies de Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). Equivalente a acanalado. A una escala menor, se podría referir a los surcos del hipantio de una flor, como a aquellos dispuestos verticalmente, abajo de entre los lóbulos del cáliz de Lecythis mesophylla |
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Sulcate
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Furrowed or grooved. |
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Sulcate
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Furrowed or grooved; e.g., the trunk of some species of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae). On a larger scale same as fluted. On a smaller scale, it may refer to groves of the seed of Elaeagnus bullatum or those extend downward from between the calyx-lobes of Lecythis mesophylla. |
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Sulcate hypanthium
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Refers to a hypanthium that is furrowed or grooved. |
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Sulcus (plural = sulci)
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A furrow or groove. |
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Superior ovary
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An ovary of a hypogynous or perigynous flower in which the sepals, petals, and stamens arise from beneath or around the ovary (= hypogynous) or from the rim of a hypanthium (=perigynous). |
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Superposed
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One structure placed over another. |
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Supervolute
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Referring to a type of leaf vernation in which the blade margins are unequally inrolled adaxially such that one of the margins overlaps the other. Compare with involute. |
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Supra adjacent secondary vein
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Referring to the relationship of two secondary veins, in this case referring to a secondary vein that is above another (i.e., in a apical or distal position in relationship to the other). |
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Supracalycine zone
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The area between the calycine ring and the line of opercular dehiscence in a dehiscent-fruited Lecythidaceae. |
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Supracalycine zone erect
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The supracalycine zone goes straight up from the calycine ring to the opercular rim. |
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Supracalycine zone tapered
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The supracalycine zone of the fruit tapers to the opercular rim. |
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Suprafoliar
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Referring to a structure that arises above the leaves |
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Suprafoliar inflorescence
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Referring to an inflorescences that arises from above the leaves. |
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Suprafoliar inflorescence
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Referring to an inflorescences that arises from above the leaves. |
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Suprafolilar
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Referring to a structure that occurs above the leaves |
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Supraxillary
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Arising from above the axial. |
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Suture
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A line of fusion (e.g., the valves of the carpels of an ovary) or a line of dehiscence (e.g., the lines along which anthers or fruits open). |
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Syconium (plural = syconia)
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A hollow, fruitlike receptacle lined by tiny achenes, the characteristic inflorescence of figs (Ficus spp., Moraceae). Also called figs. |
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Symbiosis (symbiotic)
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Referring to two organisms that live together in what can be beneficial to both organisms (mutualism) or beneficial to one and harmful to the other (e.g., parasitism). |
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Symbiotic
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Referring to two different organisms living together in close association and benefiting from that association; e.g., mycorhizzal associations between fungi and plants are symbiotic as well as are ants living in the domatia of Tococa guianensis. |
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Symmetric
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Referring to a structure that can be divided into mirror-image halves. This and its associated terms are usually, but not exclusively, applied to flowers. Opposite of asymmetric; compare with actinomorphic and zygomorphic. |
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Symmetric flower
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Same as actinomorphic flower. |
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Sympatric
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Referring to species that have overlapping geographic ranges. |
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Sympetalous corolla
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Having petals united for at least part of their length. Same as gamopetalous; opposite of polypetalous and choripetalous. |
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Sympodial growth
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Referring to a branching pattern in which the terminal bud ceases to grow and growth is continued from a lateral bud; e.g., in most arborescent Combretaceae and some orchids. Sympodial growth often gives a zig-zag appearence to the stem or branches. |
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Synandrium (plural = synandria)
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The structure resulting from the cohesion of the anthers of separate male flowers in some Araceae; an androecium with united filaments; e.g., Campanulaceae. |
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Synandroidium (plural = synandroidia)
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A structure formed by the coherence of staminodes of separate flowers in some Araceae. |
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Synandry (synandrous)
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Having united anthers. |
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Synapomorphic
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Referring to a derived feature shared by two or more taxa which is evidence of common ancestry. |
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Syncarp
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A type of multiple fruit resulting from the fusion of numerous ovaries. |
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