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Term	Definition
Slash	A slanted cut through the outer and inner barks that reveals characters useful in tree identification.
Smooth	A part of a plant, such as the bark or hypanthium, that does not have furrows or conspicuous outgrowth
Smooth	With a plane surface, e.g., without bumps (tuberculate), ribs (costate), wings (alate), or grooves (sulci).
Smooth hypanthium	A hypanthium that does not have furrows or conspicuous outgrowths.
Soft bast	The outer functional part of the xylem, i.e., the living part of the xylem that transports water and nutrients to the leaves. Same as sapwood.
Solitary flower (inflorescence)	Referring to the presence of a single flower in an inflorescence.
Somatic	Referring to plant cells other than reproductive cells (eggs and sperm).
Sordid	Of a dull, dingy, or muddy color.
Sorus (plural = sori)	An outgrowth of a fern frond that covers the sporangia.
Sotobosque	Estrato inmediato al nivel del suelo dentro de un bosque, constuituido por herbáceas, arbustos bajos y plántulas de arbolillos y lianas.
sp. (plural = spp.)	Abbreviation for a species (abbreviation for more than one species = spp.).
Spadix (plural = spadices)	A congested spike with very small flowers that often is subtended by a spathe; e.g., the inflorescences of Araceae.
Spathaceous	Spathelike; in the Bignoniaceae, referring to the split calyx found in some species.
Spathe	A conspicuous bract that subtends or surrounds a spadix; in the Araceae, the lower part is called the tube and the upper part the blade; in Arecaceae the large, often woody bract derived from either the prophyll or peduncular bract.
Spathella	Saclike covering of the young flowers of Podostemaceae.
Spatulate (spathulate)	Shaped like a spatula, rounded above and narrowed to the base.
Species (both singular and plural)	A population of plants that freely interbreed with one another and can be diagnosed by similar morphological features and molecular sequences; the basic unit of classification which can be further divided into subspecies, varieties, and forms; a plant's name consists of a generic name and a species epithet which, together, form the species' name.
Species epithet	The second word in a scientific name; e.g., superba in the scientific name Gustavia superba is the species epithet.
Species Plantarum	A 1753 publication by Linnaeus which established the beginning of Binomial Nomenclature.
Spicate	Referring to a spikelike inflorescence.
Spike	An indeterminate, unbranched inflorescence with sessile flowers and the uppermost flowers the youngest. Compare with raceme.
Spikelet	A small secondary spike, such as the basic unit of the inflorescence of Cyperaceae and Poaceae; a spikelike branch of a compound inflorescence of the Bromeliaceae.
Spine	A sharp-pointed modified leaf as in most species of Cactaceae . In the palm family (Arecaceae) all sharp outgrowths, regardless of origin, are called spines.
Spiral leaves	Referring to alternate leaves that are inserted in a spiral pattern around the twig. Compare with distichous leaves.
Spirodistichous	Referring to a type of leaf arrangement in which the leaves are initially distichous but later appear spirally arranged.
Spiromonostichous	Leaves inserted in a continuous spiral; typical of the Costaceae.
Splinter hair	A modified, barbed hair with a sharp, retrorsely barbed tip.
Splitter	A person (usually a plant taxonomist) that recognizes species of plants with narrow morphological variation included in their concept of species. This often results in the recognition of species based on features that would be considered intraspecific variation by lumpers. This narrow concept of species is called splitting of species.
Spongy mesophyll	Referring to loosely group, unorganizedof cells located located between the palisade mesophyll and the abaxial epidermis. Photosynthesis takes place in both palisade and spongy mesophyll.
Sporangium (plural = sporangia)	A chamber in which spores are produced.
Spore	A reproductive cell produced by non-flowering plants (e.g., mosses, liverworts, ferns) and fungi).
Sporogenous	Bearing or producing spores.
Sporophyll	A leaf on which are borne sporangia.
Sporophyte	The spore-producing, diploid (2n) phase of a plant’s life cycle. Compare with gametophyte.
Sport	An offshoot of a branch or other part of a plant that is morphologically different from the remainder of the plant.
Spreading aril	Referring to an aril that spreads around the entire seed and, thus, looks like a sarcrotesta.
Sprout	A secondary shoot arising from the base of a tree or shrub. Preferred over sucker.
Spur	A tubular, usually nectar-producing outgrowth of a part of a flower; e.g., part of the sepal in some Vochysiaceae.
Squama (pl. = squamae, diminutive = squamella, adj. = squamate)	Scale; covered with scales.
Squama (plural = squamae, diminutive = squamella, adjective = squamate)	A scale.
Squamella (plural = squamellae)	A small scale.
Srobilus (plural = strobili)	A compact cluster of sporophylls that are well differentiated from the vegetative leaves.
ssp.	An abbreviation for subspecies. Same as subsp.
Stalked vestigial stamens	Vestigial stamens that are constricted at the point they are attached to the ligule.
Stamen	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther; in the Lecythidaceae stamens are found attached to the staminal tube in those genera that have one (Allantoma, Cariniana, Grias, and Gustavia) and, as far is known, to the staminal ring of species with zygomorphic flowers. Stamens associated with the ligule are hypothesized to be staminodes bearing antherodes and not anthers.
Stamen	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther.
Stamens	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther.
Stamens	The male part of the flower comprised of the filament and the anther.
Staminal lip	A rim around the adaxial side of the staminal ring.
Staminal rim	The upper edge of the staminal tube in species of Allantoma, Cariniana, Grias, and Gustavia.

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