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Term	Definition
Antherode	The anther of a staminode; an anther that bears pollen that does not germinate.
Antherode	The anther of a staminode; an anther that bears pollen that does not germinate; in the Lecythidaceae, antherodes are found in the androecial hood and in the innermost row of anthers on the ligular side of the staminal ring of some species, in the Lecythidaceae antherodes are often different in color, usually yellow, than the anthers of the stamens which are usually white.
Anthers basifixed	Referring to an anther attached to the filament at its base.
Anthers basifixed	Anthers attached to their filaments at the very base.
Anthers black	Anthers that look black at anthesis either because the anther is black or because the pollen is black.
Anthers orange	Anthers that look orange at anthesis either because the anther is orange or because the pollen is orange.
Anthers versatile	Anthers that are attached above the base and can be moved more freely on the apices of their filaments than can anthers that are attached at their bases (= anthers basifixed).
Anthers white	Anthers that look white at anthesis either because the anther is white or because the pollen is white. White anthers are common in neotropical Lecythidaceae.
Anthers yellow	Anthers that look yellow at anthesis either because the anther is yellow or because the pollen is yellow.
Anthesis	The expanding and opening of a flower.
Anthesis	The expanding and opening of a flower; another way of saying "in flower."
Antipodals	Three cells located at the end of the matural megagametophyte opposite the micropyle. These cell apparently have no function and desintegrate after fertilization.
Apetalous flower	Without petals.
Apical	Toward the apex. Opposite of basal. Same as distal.
Apical placentation	A type of placentation in which the ovules are attached at the apex of the locule. See placentation.
Apical pore	An opening at the apex of a structure; e.g., the flower of some species of Monimiaceae or the anthers of some species, such as, Gustavia augusta (Lecythidaceae).
Apomixis (adj. = apomitic)	In the broad sense, any form of asexual reproduction, and, in the narrow sense, seed production without fertilization. This term is more commonly used for the production of seed without fertilization.
Apomorphic character	Referring to a feature of a plant that is derived from an ancestral character state, i.e., an evolutionary advanced character state that helps define taxonomic groups, e.g., the Couratari clade of neotropical Lecythidaceae.
Appendage	A secondary structure or outgrowth attached to a main structure; e.g., the outgrowths on anthers of Melastomataceae or species of Viola.
Appendage-free ligule	The part of a ligule between the staminal ring and the androecial hood that is free of stamens, staminodes, and vestigial stamens (collectively called appendages), or at least the appendages are very sparse compared to their density in the staminal ring or on the hood.
Appressed	Lying flat against a surface or axis; e.g., trichomes, leaves, or bracts.
Aquatic	Growing in or on the water.
Arched tertiary veins	Referring to tertiary veins that orginate from the midrib and arch downward to the infra adjacent secondary vein.
Archegonium (plural = archegonia)	Referring to a multicellular haploid structure in which the egg is produced in mosses, hepatics, ferns, and relatively few vascular plants.
Areole (areolate)	Referring to the smallest area of leaf tissue surrounded by veins, the sides of which can be comprised of any order of vein (Ellis et al., 2009).

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