Geography Exceptions to the Rule: Difference between revisions

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<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">A running list of geography odd&nbsp;situations and special cases that we come across in EMu</span></span>
==Geography Exceptions to the Rule==


Please reference this page for odd or out-dated geographical terms and/or categorizations that you may encounter in the collection.




= <span style="color:#000000;">'''<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-8d8707e1-7fff-e8d6-451e-6e7f97c98240"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mismatched Geography Hierarchy in EMu</span></span></span>'''</span> =


<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#000000;">States:</span></span></span>


<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;">Canary Islands - Country: Spain, Continent: Africa (not Europe)</span></span></span></span>
=== <u>Mismatched Geography Hierarchy in EMu</u> ===


<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#000000;">Hawaii -&nbsp;<span id="docs-internal-guid-89fa1147-7fff-2df4-2532-aea09af011c9"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Country: U.S.A, Continent: Oceania (not North America)</span></span></span></span></span>


'''Azores''': autonomous archipelago of Portugal situated in Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Portugal


'''Bermuda''': country in the Atlantic Ocean. Continent: North America (sometimes miscategorized in West Indies)


<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Countries:</span></span></span></span>
'''Islas Canarias (Canary Islands)''': autonomous archipelago of Spain situated in Macaronesia in the Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Spain


<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-ae6988b7-7fff-6670-baf5-2b78162ad2e5"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Trinidad and Tobago -</span></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-4ca8c78b-7fff-8a3a-f647-36270fca41be"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Continent: South America</span></span>&nbsp;(not West Indies)</span></span></span>
'''Easter Island (Rapa Nui, Isla de Pascua)''': island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Continent: Oceania (not South America), Country: Chile, State/Province: Valparaíso


<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#000000;">Bermuda - Continent: North America (might be assumed to be West Indies)&nbsp;</span></span></span>
'''Hawaii''': state of the United States of America situated in the Pacific Ocean. Continent: Oceania (not North America), Country: United States of America


'''Madeira''': autonomous archipelago of Portugal situated in Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Portugal


'''Navassa Island''': uninhabited island in the Caribbean, classified as a United States Minor Outlying Islands (the rest of which are in Oceania). Continent: West Indies


'''Trinidad and Tobago''': the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Continent: South America (not West Indies)




= '''<span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-98ba40ff-7fff-b375-f895-ba1ab23d2933"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Geography Hierarchy in EMu that differs from Statoids</span></span></span>''' =
=== <u>Important Hierarchical Variations to Note</u> ===
<div>
<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-2bf54281-7fff-e703-2572-bbdfbdb1d52c"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">United Kingdom: The province/state level (primary administrative division) is one of the four countries that the U.K. consists of (England, North Ireland, Scotland, Wales), rather than primary administrative division provided by Statoids. Use the Statoids primary administraive division as the secondary administraive division for the U.K. in EMu, according to country (England, North Ireland, Scotland, Wales).</span></span></span></span></span>


<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-2bf54281-7fff-e703-2572-bbdfbdb1d52c"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Brazil: The district/county (second administrative division) does not match Statoids. Statoids presents Brazil's "microregions" as the second administrative divisons, which "...</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-spacing: 1.65937px;">have no administrative function; they were defined by the federal government for purposes of convenience" (Law, 2007). Alternatively, the district/county look up list follows the Wikipedia page "List of municipalities of Brazil" according to state (</span>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Brazil https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Brazil]).</span></span>


'''United Kingdom''': In EMu, the primary administrative subdivision (province/state-level) consists of the four countries of the U.K.: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The secondary administrative subdivision (county-level) reflects the Administrative County, Metropolitan District, Unitary Authority (England); District (Northern Ireland); Council Area (Scotland); and Unitary Authority (Wales).




'''Brazil''': The secondary administrative subdivision (county-level) consists of the municipalities of Brazil, rather than the "Microregions" as cited by Statoids (http://www.statoids.com/ybr.html), as these units "...have no administrative function; they were defined by the federal government for purposes of convenience" (Law, 2007).




'''Puerto Rico''': As a commonwealth associated with the United States, there are no primary administrative subdivisions as defined by the U.S. government. The secondary administrative subdivisions are the municipios (https://welcome.topuertorico.org/government.shtml#:~:text=Administrative%20Divisions%20None%20%28Commonwealth%20associated%20with%20the%20U.S.%29%3B,The%20mayor%20appoints%20a%20secretary-auditor%20and%20a%20treasurer). In EMu, we cite the secondary administrative subdivisions (municipios) as the primary (state/province level), and we cite the tertiary administrative subdivision (barrios) as the secondary administrative subdivisions (county-level), as “the barrios of Puerto Rico are the primary legal divisions of the seventy-eight municipalities of Puerto Rico” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrios_of_Puerto_Rico).




= '''<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Countries Historical Names and Current Day</span></span></span></span>''' =
'''Belgium''': The technical primary administrative subdivisions of Belgium are the regions (3): Flanders (Dutch-speaking region), Wallonia (French-speaking region), and Brussels (bilingual Dutch and French), which are then subdivided into provinces. In EMu, we cite the secondary administrative subdivision (provinces) as the primary. Arrondissements are the next sequential administrative level between province and municipality (cited by Statoids as the secondary administrative subdivision, http://www.statoids.com/ybe.html); alternatively, in EMu we cite the municipalities as the second administrative subdivision, disregarding the arrondissements.


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Abyssinia = Ethiopia</span>


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Annam = colonial French name for Vietnam</span>
=== <u>Non-exhaustive list of historical country names in relation to present-day names</u> ===


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bohemia = Czech Republic</span>


<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">British Honduras = Belize</span></span></span></span></span>
'''Abyssinia''' : Ethiopia


<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">British Guiana = Guyana</span></span></span></span></span>
'''Annam''' : Vietnam (colonial French term)


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">British North Borneo = Malaysia</span>
'''Bangal''' : region consisting of parts of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">British West Indies = Bahamas</span>
'''Bohemia''' : Czech Republic


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Burma = Myanmar</span>
'''British Honduras''' : Belize


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ceylon = Sri Lanka</span>
'''British Guiana''' : Guyana


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Formosa = Taiwan</span>
'''British North Borneo''' : Malaysia


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">French Indochina = Vietnam</span>
'''Burma''' : Myanmar


<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hispanola = the island that consists of the countries of the Dominican Republic & Haiti</span></span></span></span></span>
'''Cambodge''' : Cambodia


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Moravia = Czech Republic</span>
'''Ceylon''' : Sri Lanka


<span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">New Granada = </span><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">&nbsp;Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela</span></span></span></span></span>
'''Formosa''' : Taiwan


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">New Holland </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Australia</span>
'''French Indochina''' : region consisting of Cambodia, Laos, and parts of China and Vietnam


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Northern Rhodesia = Zambia</span>
'''Hispanola''' : second largest Caribbean Island divided politically into Haiti (west) and the Dominican Republic (east)  


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Persia = Iran</span></span></span></span></span>
'''Kaiser-Wilhelmsland''': portion of Papua New Guinea


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Siam = Thailand</span>
'''Macedonia''' : North Macedonia


<span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Southern Rhodesia = Zimbabwe</span>
'''Moravia''' : Czech Republic


<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Van Diemen's Land = Tasmania (Australia)</span></span></span></span></span>
'''New Granada''' : region consisting of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela


<span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Zaire = Democratic Republic of the Congo</span></span></span></span></span>
'''New Hebrides''' : Vanuatu
<div><br/></div></div>
 
'''New Holland''' : Australia
 
'''Northern Rhodesia''' : Zambia
 
'''Persia''' : Iran
 
'''Siam''' : Thailand
 
'''Southern Rhodesia''' : Zimbabwe
 
'''Tonkin/Tongkin/Tongquin''': exonym referring to northern region of Vietnam
 
'''Yugoslavia''' : region consisting of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia
 
'''Zaire''' : Democratic Republic of the Congo
 
 
Please email egjieli@nybg.org if you come across other terms that should be added to this list.

Latest revision as of 17:29, 18 April 2024

Geography Exceptions to the Rule

Please reference this page for odd or out-dated geographical terms and/or categorizations that you may encounter in the collection.



Mismatched Geography Hierarchy in EMu

Azores: autonomous archipelago of Portugal situated in Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Portugal

Bermuda: country in the Atlantic Ocean. Continent: North America (sometimes miscategorized in West Indies)

Islas Canarias (Canary Islands): autonomous archipelago of Spain situated in Macaronesia in the Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Spain

Easter Island (Rapa Nui, Isla de Pascua): island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Continent: Oceania (not South America), Country: Chile, State/Province: Valparaíso

Hawaii: state of the United States of America situated in the Pacific Ocean. Continent: Oceania (not North America), Country: United States of America

Madeira: autonomous archipelago of Portugal situated in Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Portugal

Navassa Island: uninhabited island in the Caribbean, classified as a United States Minor Outlying Islands (the rest of which are in Oceania). Continent: West Indies

Trinidad and Tobago: the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Continent: South America (not West Indies)


Important Hierarchical Variations to Note

United Kingdom: In EMu, the primary administrative subdivision (province/state-level) consists of the four countries of the U.K.: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The secondary administrative subdivision (county-level) reflects the Administrative County, Metropolitan District, Unitary Authority (England); District (Northern Ireland); Council Area (Scotland); and Unitary Authority (Wales).


Brazil: The secondary administrative subdivision (county-level) consists of the municipalities of Brazil, rather than the "Microregions" as cited by Statoids (http://www.statoids.com/ybr.html), as these units "...have no administrative function; they were defined by the federal government for purposes of convenience" (Law, 2007).


Puerto Rico: As a commonwealth associated with the United States, there are no primary administrative subdivisions as defined by the U.S. government. The secondary administrative subdivisions are the municipios (https://welcome.topuertorico.org/government.shtml#:~:text=Administrative%20Divisions%20None%20%28Commonwealth%20associated%20with%20the%20U.S.%29%3B,The%20mayor%20appoints%20a%20secretary-auditor%20and%20a%20treasurer). In EMu, we cite the secondary administrative subdivisions (municipios) as the primary (state/province level), and we cite the tertiary administrative subdivision (barrios) as the secondary administrative subdivisions (county-level), as “the barrios of Puerto Rico are the primary legal divisions of the seventy-eight municipalities of Puerto Rico” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrios_of_Puerto_Rico).


Belgium: The technical primary administrative subdivisions of Belgium are the regions (3): Flanders (Dutch-speaking region), Wallonia (French-speaking region), and Brussels (bilingual Dutch and French), which are then subdivided into provinces. In EMu, we cite the secondary administrative subdivision (provinces) as the primary. Arrondissements are the next sequential administrative level between province and municipality (cited by Statoids as the secondary administrative subdivision, http://www.statoids.com/ybe.html); alternatively, in EMu we cite the municipalities as the second administrative subdivision, disregarding the arrondissements.


Non-exhaustive list of historical country names in relation to present-day names

Abyssinia : Ethiopia

Annam : Vietnam (colonial French term)

Bangal : region consisting of parts of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal

Bohemia : Czech Republic

British Honduras : Belize

British Guiana : Guyana

British North Borneo : Malaysia

Burma : Myanmar

Cambodge : Cambodia

Ceylon : Sri Lanka

Formosa : Taiwan

French Indochina : region consisting of Cambodia, Laos, and parts of China and Vietnam

Hispanola : second largest Caribbean Island divided politically into Haiti (west) and the Dominican Republic (east)

Kaiser-Wilhelmsland: portion of Papua New Guinea

Macedonia : North Macedonia

Moravia : Czech Republic

New Granada : region consisting of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela

New Hebrides : Vanuatu

New Holland : Australia

Northern Rhodesia : Zambia

Persia : Iran

Siam : Thailand

Southern Rhodesia : Zimbabwe

Tonkin/Tongkin/Tongquin: exonym referring to northern region of Vietnam

Yugoslavia : region consisting of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia

Zaire : Democratic Republic of the Congo


Please email egjieli@nybg.org if you come across other terms that should be added to this list.

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