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| <span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span></span><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">A running list of geography odds situations and special cases that we come across in EMu</span></span>
| | ==Geography Exceptions to the Rule== |
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| <span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span><span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-8d8707e1-7fff-e8d6-451e-6e7f97c98240"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Mismatched Geography Hierarchy in EMu</span></span></span>
| | Please reference this page for odd or out-dated geographical terms and/or categorizations that you may encounter in the collection. |
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| <span><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Arial; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">State: <br/></span></span></span>
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;">Hawaii - <span id="docs-internal-guid-89fa1147-7fff-2df4-2532-aea09af011c9"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Country: U.S.A, Continent: Oceania (not North America)</span></span></span></span></span>
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Country: </span><br/></span></span></span>
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-ae6988b7-7fff-6670-baf5-2b78162ad2e5"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Trinidad and Tobago -</span></span><span id="docs-internal-guid-4ca8c78b-7fff-8a3a-f647-36270fca41be"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Continent: South America</span></span> (not West Indies)<br/></span></span></span>
| | === <u>Mismatched Geography Hierarchy in EMu</u> === |
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-9a36e284-7fff-e17d-0661-b1f344ad4248"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Canary Islands – Country: Spain, Continent: Africa (not Europe)</span></span></span></span></span>
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| | '''Azores''': autonomous archipelago of Portugal situated in Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Portugal |
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| == <span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-98ba40ff-7fff-b375-f895-ba1ab23d2933"><span style="font-size: 11pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); background-color: transparent; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Geography Hierarchy in EMu that differs from Statoids</span></span></span> ==
| | '''Bermuda''': country in the Atlantic Ocean. Continent: North America (sometimes miscategorized in West Indies) |
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-2bf54281-7fff-e703-2572-bbdfbdb1d52c"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">United Kingdom, first administrative division = country (England, North Ireland, Scotland, Wales), second administrative division = what Statoids presents as primary administrative division</span></span></span></span></span>
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| <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span style="color:#000000;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-2bf54281-7fff-e703-2572-bbdfbdb1d52c"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Brazil county/municipality (second subdivision) does not match Statoids. Statoids presents Brazil's "microregions" as the second administrative divisons, which "...</span></span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); word-spacing: 1.65937px;">have no administrative function; they were defined by the federal government for purposes of convenience" (Law, 2007). Alternatively, used Wikipedia page "List of municipalities of Brazil" (</span>https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_municipalities_of_Brazil).</span></span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: sans-serif; font-size: medium; word-spacing: 1.65937px;"></span>
| | '''Islas Canarias (Canary Islands)''': autonomous archipelago of Spain situated in Macaronesia in the Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Spain |
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span></span></span></span>
| | '''Easter Island (Rapa Nui, Isla de Pascua)''': island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Continent: Oceania (not South America), Country: Chile, State/Province: Valparaíso |
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"></span></span></span></span></span>
| | '''Hawaii''': state of the United States of America situated in the Pacific Ocean. Continent: Oceania (not North America), Country: United States of America |
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| == <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Countries Historical Names and Current Day</span></span></span></span> ==
| | '''Madeira''': autonomous archipelago of Portugal situated in Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Portugal |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Abyssinia = Ethiopia</span>
| | '''Navassa Island''': uninhabited island in the Caribbean, classified as a United States Minor Outlying Islands (the rest of which are in Oceania). Continent: West Indies |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Annam = colonial French name for Vietnam</span>
| | '''Trinidad and Tobago''': the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Continent: South America (not West Indies) |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Bohemia = Czech Republic</span>
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">British Honduras = Belize</span></span></span></span></span>
| | === <u>Important Hierarchical Variations to Note</u> === |
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">British Guiana = Guyana</span></span></span></span></span>
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">British North Borneo = Malaysia</span>
| | '''United Kingdom''': In EMu, the primary administrative subdivision (province/state-level) consists of the four countries of the U.K.: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The secondary administrative subdivision (county-level) reflects the Administrative County, Metropolitan District, Unitary Authority (England); District (Northern Ireland); Council Area (Scotland); and Unitary Authority (Wales). |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">British West Indies = Bahamas</span>
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Burma = Myanmar</span>
| | '''Brazil''': The secondary administrative subdivision (county-level) consists of the municipalities of Brazil, rather than the "Microregions" as cited by Statoids (http://www.statoids.com/ybr.html), as these units "...have no administrative function; they were defined by the federal government for purposes of convenience" (Law, 2007). |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Ceylon = Sri Lanka</span>
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Formosa = Taiwan</span>
| | '''Puerto Rico''': As a commonwealth associated with the United States, there are no primary administrative subdivisions as defined by the U.S. government. The secondary administrative subdivisions are the municipios (https://welcome.topuertorico.org/government.shtml#:~:text=Administrative%20Divisions%20None%20%28Commonwealth%20associated%20with%20the%20U.S.%29%3B,The%20mayor%20appoints%20a%20secretary-auditor%20and%20a%20treasurer). In EMu, we cite the secondary administrative subdivisions (municipios) as the primary (state/province level), and we cite the tertiary administrative subdivision (barrios) as the secondary administrative subdivisions (county-level), as “the barrios of Puerto Rico are the primary legal divisions of the seventy-eight municipalities of Puerto Rico” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrios_of_Puerto_Rico). |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">French Indochina = Vietnam</span>
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Hispanola = the island that consists of the countries of the Dominican Republic & Haiti</span></span></span></span></span>
| | '''Belgium''': The technical primary administrative subdivisions of Belgium are the regions (3): Flanders (Dutch-speaking region), Wallonia (French-speaking region), and Brussels (bilingual Dutch and French), which are then subdivided into provinces. In EMu, we cite the secondary administrative subdivision (provinces) as the primary. Arrondissements are the next sequential administrative level between province and municipality (cited by Statoids as the secondary administrative subdivision, http://www.statoids.com/ybe.html); alternatively, in EMu we cite the municipalities as the second administrative subdivision, disregarding the arrondissements. |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Moravia = Czech Republic</span>
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| <span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">New Granada = </span><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"> Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela</span></span></span></span></span>
| | === <u>Non-exhaustive list of historical country names in relation to present-day names</u> === |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">New Holland </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">= </span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Australia</span>
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Northern Rhodesia = Zambia</span>
| | '''Abyssinia''' : Ethiopia |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Persia = Iran</span></span></span></span></span>
| | '''Annam''' : Vietnam (colonial French term) |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Siam = Thailand</span>
| | '''Bangal''' : region consisting of parts of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal |
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| <span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: arial, helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: small; white-space: pre-wrap;">Southern Rhodesia = Zimbabwe</span>
| | '''Bohemia''' : Czech Republic |
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Van Diemen's Land = Tasmania (Australia)</span></span></span></span></span>
| | '''British Honduras''' : Belize |
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| <span style="color:#000000;"><span style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;"><span id="docs-internal-guid-f43015a3-7fff-098c-4328-c35eb1fa0c51"><span style="font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Zaire = Democratic Republic of the Congo</span></span></span></span></span>
| | '''British Guiana''' : Guyana |
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| | '''British North Borneo''' : Malaysia |
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| | '''Burma''' : Myanmar |
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| | '''Cambodge''' : Cambodia |
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| | '''Ceylon''' : Sri Lanka |
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| | '''Formosa''' : Taiwan |
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| | '''French Indochina''' : region consisting of Cambodia, Laos, and parts of China and Vietnam |
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| | '''Hispanola''' : second largest Caribbean Island divided politically into Haiti (west) and the Dominican Republic (east) |
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| | '''Kaiser-Wilhelmsland''': portion of Papua New Guinea |
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| | '''Macedonia''' : North Macedonia |
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| | '''Moravia''' : Czech Republic |
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| | '''New Granada''' : region consisting of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela |
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| | '''New Hebrides''' : Vanuatu |
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| | '''New Holland''' : Australia |
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| | '''Northern Rhodesia''' : Zambia |
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| | '''Persia''' : Iran |
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| | '''Siam''' : Thailand |
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| | '''Southern Rhodesia''' : Zimbabwe |
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| | '''Tonkin/Tongkin/Tongquin''': exonym referring to northern region of Vietnam |
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| | '''Yugoslavia''' : region consisting of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia |
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| | '''Zaire''' : Democratic Republic of the Congo |
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| | Please email egjieli@nybg.org if you come across other terms that should be added to this list. |
Geography Exceptions to the Rule
Please reference this page for odd or out-dated geographical terms and/or categorizations that you may encounter in the collection.
Mismatched Geography Hierarchy in EMu
Azores: autonomous archipelago of Portugal situated in Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Portugal
Bermuda: country in the Atlantic Ocean. Continent: North America (sometimes miscategorized in West Indies)
Islas Canarias (Canary Islands): autonomous archipelago of Spain situated in Macaronesia in the Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Spain
Easter Island (Rapa Nui, Isla de Pascua): island and special territory of Chile in the southeastern Pacific Ocean. Continent: Oceania (not South America), Country: Chile, State/Province: Valparaíso
Hawaii: state of the United States of America situated in the Pacific Ocean. Continent: Oceania (not North America), Country: United States of America
Madeira: autonomous archipelago of Portugal situated in Macaronesia in the North Atlantic Ocean. Continent: Africa (not Europe), Country: Portugal
Navassa Island: uninhabited island in the Caribbean, classified as a United States Minor Outlying Islands (the rest of which are in Oceania). Continent: West Indies
Trinidad and Tobago: the southernmost island country in the Caribbean. Continent: South America (not West Indies)
Important Hierarchical Variations to Note
United Kingdom: In EMu, the primary administrative subdivision (province/state-level) consists of the four countries of the U.K.: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The secondary administrative subdivision (county-level) reflects the Administrative County, Metropolitan District, Unitary Authority (England); District (Northern Ireland); Council Area (Scotland); and Unitary Authority (Wales).
Brazil: The secondary administrative subdivision (county-level) consists of the municipalities of Brazil, rather than the "Microregions" as cited by Statoids (http://www.statoids.com/ybr.html), as these units "...have no administrative function; they were defined by the federal government for purposes of convenience" (Law, 2007).
Puerto Rico: As a commonwealth associated with the United States, there are no primary administrative subdivisions as defined by the U.S. government. The secondary administrative subdivisions are the municipios (https://welcome.topuertorico.org/government.shtml#:~:text=Administrative%20Divisions%20None%20%28Commonwealth%20associated%20with%20the%20U.S.%29%3B,The%20mayor%20appoints%20a%20secretary-auditor%20and%20a%20treasurer). In EMu, we cite the secondary administrative subdivisions (municipios) as the primary (state/province level), and we cite the tertiary administrative subdivision (barrios) as the secondary administrative subdivisions (county-level), as “the barrios of Puerto Rico are the primary legal divisions of the seventy-eight municipalities of Puerto Rico” (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrios_of_Puerto_Rico).
Belgium: The technical primary administrative subdivisions of Belgium are the regions (3): Flanders (Dutch-speaking region), Wallonia (French-speaking region), and Brussels (bilingual Dutch and French), which are then subdivided into provinces. In EMu, we cite the secondary administrative subdivision (provinces) as the primary. Arrondissements are the next sequential administrative level between province and municipality (cited by Statoids as the secondary administrative subdivision, http://www.statoids.com/ybe.html); alternatively, in EMu we cite the municipalities as the second administrative subdivision, disregarding the arrondissements.
Non-exhaustive list of historical country names in relation to present-day names
Abyssinia : Ethiopia
Annam : Vietnam (colonial French term)
Bangal : region consisting of parts of Bangladesh and the Indian state of West Bengal
Bohemia : Czech Republic
British Honduras : Belize
British Guiana : Guyana
British North Borneo : Malaysia
Burma : Myanmar
Cambodge : Cambodia
Ceylon : Sri Lanka
Formosa : Taiwan
French Indochina : region consisting of Cambodia, Laos, and parts of China and Vietnam
Hispanola : second largest Caribbean Island divided politically into Haiti (west) and the Dominican Republic (east)
Kaiser-Wilhelmsland: portion of Papua New Guinea
Macedonia : North Macedonia
Moravia : Czech Republic
New Granada : region consisting of Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, and Venezuela
New Hebrides : Vanuatu
New Holland : Australia
Northern Rhodesia : Zambia
Persia : Iran
Siam : Thailand
Southern Rhodesia : Zimbabwe
Tonkin/Tongkin/Tongquin: exonym referring to northern region of Vietnam
Yugoslavia : region consisting of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Serbia, and Slovenia
Zaire : Democratic Republic of the Congo
Please email egjieli@nybg.org if you come across other terms that should be added to this list.