Taxon Details: Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
Taxon Profile:
Narratives:
Family:
Brassicaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Brassicaceae (Magnoliophyta)
Scientific Name:
Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
Accepted Name:
This name is currently accepted.
This name is currently accepted.
Common Names:
garlic mustard, garlic-mustard, garlic mustard
garlic mustard, garlic-mustard, garlic mustard
Description:
Author: Scott A. Mori
Description: Alliaria petiolata is an herbaceous biennial whose flowering form can reach 1 m (3.3 ft.) in height. The first year plants are a basal rosette of leaves that remain green throughout the winter. They develop into mature flowering plants the following spring. The lower, dark green leaves are reniform (kidney-shaped), while the stem leaves are alternate and deltoid. The basal leaf blades can be 6-10 cm (2.4-4 in.) long and wide, while the stem leaves are 3-8 cm (1.2-3.1 in.) long and wide, gradually decreasing in size as they go up the stem. The margins of the leaves are coarsely toothed. The leaves give off a strong garlic odor when crushed. The flowers of Alliaria petiolata are consistent with those of the mustard family. That is, there are four white petals arranged in a cross shape, and these are 5-6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter. The flowers are arranged in terminal racemes. The cylindrical, shiny, black seeds are 3 mm (0.1 in.) in size and are contained in pods called siliques. These siliques are 2.5-6 cm (1-2.4 in.) long and 2 mm (0.08 in.) wide and contain 10-20 seeds. By June the plants are dead, often with the fruits still attached.
Etymology: The species epithet refers to the long petioles.
Common name: Garlic mustard
Description: Alliaria petiolata is an herbaceous biennial whose flowering form can reach 1 m (3.3 ft.) in height. The first year plants are a basal rosette of leaves that remain green throughout the winter. They develop into mature flowering plants the following spring. The lower, dark green leaves are reniform (kidney-shaped), while the stem leaves are alternate and deltoid. The basal leaf blades can be 6-10 cm (2.4-4 in.) long and wide, while the stem leaves are 3-8 cm (1.2-3.1 in.) long and wide, gradually decreasing in size as they go up the stem. The margins of the leaves are coarsely toothed. The leaves give off a strong garlic odor when crushed. The flowers of Alliaria petiolata are consistent with those of the mustard family. That is, there are four white petals arranged in a cross shape, and these are 5-6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter. The flowers are arranged in terminal racemes. The cylindrical, shiny, black seeds are 3 mm (0.1 in.) in size and are contained in pods called siliques. These siliques are 2.5-6 cm (1-2.4 in.) long and 2 mm (0.08 in.) wide and contain 10-20 seeds. By June the plants are dead, often with the fruits still attached.
Distribution: From Maine to South Carolina, West to Minnesota, Iowa, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Utah, Washington and Oregon. It has been reported from all New England States.
Ecology: It is successful in many types of habitats. It prefers moist, shaded areas, but can grow well at roadsides, edges of woods, along trails and in forest openings. Because of its shade tolerance it is one of few invasives that can be present and dominate a forest understory.
Phenology: Flowers appear in the early spring (April-May); fruits are produced by May.
Origin: Europe.
Conservation status: Invasive species
Notes: It is likely that settlers planted it in the United States for food and medicinal purposes. It was probably introduced into New England by planting as well, and then it dispersed across the landscape.
Author: Scott A. Mori
Description: Alliaria petiolata is an herbaceous biennial whose flowering form can reach 1 m (3.3 ft.) in height. The first year plants are a basal rosette of leaves that remain green throughout the winter. They develop into mature flowering plants the following spring. The lower, dark green leaves are reniform (kidney-shaped), while the stem leaves are alternate and deltoid. The basal leaf blades can be 6-10 cm (2.4-4 in.) long and wide, while the stem leaves are 3-8 cm (1.2-3.1 in.) long and wide, gradually decreasing in size as they go up the stem. The margins of the leaves are coarsely toothed. The leaves give off a strong garlic odor when crushed. The flowers of Alliaria petiolata are consistent with those of the mustard family. That is, there are four white petals arranged in a cross shape, and these are 5-6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter. The flowers are arranged in terminal racemes. The cylindrical, shiny, black seeds are 3 mm (0.1 in.) in size and are contained in pods called siliques. These siliques are 2.5-6 cm (1-2.4 in.) long and 2 mm (0.08 in.) wide and contain 10-20 seeds. By June the plants are dead, often with the fruits still attached.
Etymology: The species epithet refers to the long petioles.
Common name: Garlic mustard
Description: Alliaria petiolata is an herbaceous biennial whose flowering form can reach 1 m (3.3 ft.) in height. The first year plants are a basal rosette of leaves that remain green throughout the winter. They develop into mature flowering plants the following spring. The lower, dark green leaves are reniform (kidney-shaped), while the stem leaves are alternate and deltoid. The basal leaf blades can be 6-10 cm (2.4-4 in.) long and wide, while the stem leaves are 3-8 cm (1.2-3.1 in.) long and wide, gradually decreasing in size as they go up the stem. The margins of the leaves are coarsely toothed. The leaves give off a strong garlic odor when crushed. The flowers of Alliaria petiolata are consistent with those of the mustard family. That is, there are four white petals arranged in a cross shape, and these are 5-6 mm (0.25 in.) in diameter. The flowers are arranged in terminal racemes. The cylindrical, shiny, black seeds are 3 mm (0.1 in.) in size and are contained in pods called siliques. These siliques are 2.5-6 cm (1-2.4 in.) long and 2 mm (0.08 in.) wide and contain 10-20 seeds. By June the plants are dead, often with the fruits still attached.
Distribution: From Maine to South Carolina, West to Minnesota, Iowa, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Utah, Washington and Oregon. It has been reported from all New England States.
Ecology: It is successful in many types of habitats. It prefers moist, shaded areas, but can grow well at roadsides, edges of woods, along trails and in forest openings. Because of its shade tolerance it is one of few invasives that can be present and dominate a forest understory.
Phenology: Flowers appear in the early spring (April-May); fruits are produced by May.
Origin: Europe.
Conservation status: Invasive species
Notes: It is likely that settlers planted it in the United States for food and medicinal purposes. It was probably introduced into New England by planting as well, and then it dispersed across the landscape.
Flora and Monograph Treatment(s):
Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande: [Book] Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.
Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande: [Book] Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.
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• N. H. Holmgren 11818, United States of America
• N. H. Holmgren 11818, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 2950, Georgia
• D. E. Atha 10206, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14296, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14339, United States of America
• W. D. Longbottom 17269, United States of America
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• W. D. Longbottom 14737, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 15025, United States of America
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• S. A. Mori 27639, United States of America
• J. B. Walker 691, United States of America
• W. R. Buck 36930, United States of America
• W. R. Buck 41832, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 11035, United States of America
• See Collection Notes 120, United States of America
• H. M. Raup 8086, United States of America
• See Collection Notes s.n., United States of America
• E. W. Wood 4647, United States of America
• K. H. Thorne 3252, United States of America
• K. K. Mackenzie s.n., United States of America
• N. H. Holmgren 9811, United States of America
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• A. W. Cusick 28923, United States of America
• R. I. Vargas 9, United States of America
• B. E. Wofford 79 50, United States of America
• D. E. Boufford 23930, United States of America
• H. E. Ahles 78823, United States of America
• R. E. Brooks 14483, United States of America
• A. W. Cusick 28124, United States of America
• H. N. Moldenke 10466, United States of America
• G. F. Buddell, Magnoliophyta; North America
• G. F. Buddell, Magnoliophyta; North America
• K. K. Mackenzie s.n., United States of America
• E. C. Leonard 1790, United States of America
• J. W. Chickering Jr. s.n., United States of America
• O. A. Stevens 1943, United States of America
• E. L. Braun 4460, United States of America
• F. F. Davis s.n., United States of America
• J. W. Chickering Jr. s.n., United States of America
• E. L. Mills s.n., United States of America
• D. E. Boufford 27087, United States of America
• S. B. Becker 10, United States of America
• E. S. Steele s.n., United States of America
• J. H. Barnhart 615, United States of America
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande, New York
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• W. H. Minshall 4129, Canada
• H. A. Stephens 3486, United States of America
• G. F. Buddell, Magnoliophyta; North America
• Collector unspecified, United States of America
• H. A. Allard 2531, United States of America
• R. L. McGregor 17467, United States of America
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• J. H. Barnhart 1087, United States of America
• T. H. Kearney s.n., United States of America
• W. C. Ferguson 2118, United States of America
• J. H. Barnhart 957, United States of America
• C. C. Freeman 34, United States of America
• Collector unspecified, United States of America
• W. C. Ferguson 2118, United States of America
• B. H. Long s.n., United States of America
• M. Ruger s.n., United States of America
• A. B. Rich s.n., United States of America
• Collector unspecified, United States of America
• W. Hess 7464, United States of America
• J. F. Pruski 2928, United States of America
• S. A. Stewart 4188, United States of America
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• R. E. Brooks 3487, United States of America
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• A. B. Rich s.n., United States of America
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• D. E. Atha 10516, United States of America
• F. R. Fosberg 45451, United States of America
• R. D. Thomas 109515, United States of America
• R. D. Thomas 135163(o.s.), United States of America
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• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
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• F. J. Hermann 10251, United States of America
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
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• J. B. Walker 691, United States of America
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• H. M. Raup 8086, United States of America
• See Collection Notes s.n., United States of America
• E. W. Wood 4647, United States of America
• K. H. Thorne 3252, United States of America
• K. K. Mackenzie s.n., United States of America
• N. H. Holmgren 9811, United States of America
• A. I. Ahmad 4, United States of America
• A. W. Cusick 28923, United States of America
• R. I. Vargas 9, United States of America
• B. E. Wofford 79 50, United States of America
• D. E. Boufford 23930, United States of America
• H. E. Ahles 78823, United States of America
• R. E. Brooks 14483, United States of America
• A. W. Cusick 28124, United States of America
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• G. F. Buddell, Magnoliophyta; North America
• K. K. Mackenzie s.n., United States of America
• E. C. Leonard 1790, United States of America
• J. W. Chickering Jr. s.n., United States of America
• O. A. Stevens 1943, United States of America
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• F. F. Davis s.n., United States of America
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• R. F. Martin 994, United States of America
• C. R. Bell 18431, United States of America
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• J. H. Barnhart 957, United States of America
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• Collector unspecified, United States of America
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• A. B. Rich s.n., United States of America
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• K. K. Mackenzie 7028, United States of America
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• A. B. Rich s.n., United States of America
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• J. von Schrenk s.n., United States of America
• W. C. Ferguson 6552, United States of America
• E. S. Burgess, United States of America
• E. S. Burgess, United States of America
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• R. D. Thomas 109515, United States of America
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• R. D. Thomas 133285, United States of America
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• V. Bustamante 814, United States of America
• S. P. Churchill 5427, United States of America
• M. G. Bennett s.n., United States of America
• S. A. Mori 18836, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 46999, United States of America
• M. H. Nee 54268, United States of America
• F. J. Hermann 10251, United States of America
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• S. R. Hill 8989, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 22261, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 9037, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 13607, United States of America
• S. R. Hill 23062, United States of America
• E. J. Alexander s.n., United States of America
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• E. Wolfson 4, United States of America
• W. Nieder 31, United States of America
• W. Nieder 31, United States of America
• A. W. Cusick 36511, United States of America
• C. M. Morenberg 87, United States of America
• Alliaria petiolata (M.Bieb.) Cavara & Grande
• D. E. Atha 10206, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 10250, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 10516, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 7117, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 5648, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 15025, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14296, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14339, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14451, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 10250, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 10516, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 7117, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 5648, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 15025, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14296, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14339, United States of America
• D. E. Atha 14451, United States of America