Publications on this list will help visitors to the Preserve identify and appreciate plants found as well as learn about the classification and ecology of the species of gymnosperms. An effort has been made to include the references that are referred to in the text of this website On the other hand, many of the entries in list are cited because they are interesting papers about the plants of the Preserve that users may to consult. The following references are only a small number of the massive number that have been published on the plants of New York State.

Crow, G.E. & C.B. Hellquist. 2000. Aquatic and Wetland Plants of Northeastern North America.. Volume 1. Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, and Angiosperms: Dicotyledons. The University of Wisconsin. 536 pp.

Elias, T. S. 1980. Trees of North America. Field Guide and Natural History. Published by Book Division. Times Mirror Magazine, Inc.. This book provides descriptions of gymnosperm families, genera, species, distribution, and drawings.

Evert, R.F. & S. E. Eichorn. 2013. Raven Biology of Plants, 8th ed. W. H. Freeman and Company Publishers. 727 pp. This is an outstanding resource for learning about the overall botany of the gymnosperms (see pp. 430—456).

Flora of North America Editorial Committee. 1993. Flora of North America. Oxford University Press, 47i5 pp. This flora includes a key to the families of gymnosperms, key to the genera of families, keys to the species of genera, ample descriptions of all taxa, illustrations, and distribution maps.

Gleason, H. A. & A.J. Cronquist. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden. 993 pp. Provides keys and short descriptions of the vascular plant species of the northeastern United States. This Flora is being updated by R.F. Naczi but no family of gymnosperm has been digitally publish. Click here (https://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/projects/wlt/wp-content/uploads/sites/10/2018/07/New_Manual_summary_for_WWW_9July2018-002.pdf) to see the list of plant families that are available.

Harlow, W. M. ca.1931. The Identification of the Pines of the United States, Native and Introduced, by Needle Structure. Bulletin of the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University.

Harlow, W. M. 1946, Fruit Key and Twig Tree to Trees and Shrubs; Fruit Key to Northeastern Trees; and Twig Key to the Deciduous Woody Plants of Eastern North America. Dover Publications, Inc. 56 pp.

Holmgren, Noel H. 1998. Illustrated companion to Gleason and Cronquist’s Manual: Illustrations of the vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. The New York Botanical Garden Press. xx + 937 pp. Provides botanical line drawings of most of the species of gymnosperms treated in the Gleason and Cronquist manual (1991).

Mikolas, M. 2017. A Beginner’s Guide to Recognizing Trees of the Northeast. Coniferous Trees pp. 161—201 pp. The Countryman Press. A Division of the W. W. Norton Company. The author provides interesting facts about selective trees in the Northeastern United States. he has described differences between related species of conifers based on his experience in the field.. If the book is published in a new edition, we suggest the addition of scientific names as well as the common names he used in this addition.

Nelson, G., C.J. Earle & R. Spellenberg. 2014. Trees of Eastern North America. Gymnosperms 34—79 pp. Princeton University Press. This book provides descriptions of gymnosperm families, genera, species, distribution, and colored drawings.

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. 2017 accessed. International Plant Names Index.  index. http://www.ipni.org/ipni/plantnamesearchpage.do. This site provides information about plant names, botanists, and botanical publications.

Stevens, P.F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 12, July 2012 [and more or less continuously updated since], http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/. This website provides an up-to-date classification of the flowering plants. For example, one can determine that the maple genus (Acer) has been moved from the Aceraceae to the Sapindaceae.

Theilgaard Watts, M. 1963. Master Tree Finder. A Manual for the Identification of Trees by Their Leaves, Gymnosperms 5—14. This booklet segregates the gymnosperms from angiosperms by the “needles” of the former and the “leaves” of the latter.

USDA (United States Deparment of Agriculture. Accessed 2017. Plants Database. https://plants.usda.gov/java/. This site provides a wealth of information about the plants of the United States. Among other things, it is especially useful for determining the overall distribution of species.

Werier, D. 2017. Catalogue of the Vascular Plants of New York State. Memoirs of the Torrey Botanical Society 27: 1–542. This is an especially useful tool for determining which is the correct name for each of the New York State species of vascular plants. For example, Duchesnia indica is now a synonym of Potentilla indica.In addition, this reference book  allows users to learn what family a species belongs. For example, Mimulus ringens has been moved from the Scrophulariaceae to the Phyrmaceae. Coverage includes lycophytes, ferns, gymnosperms, and flowering plants.