Monographs Details:
Authority:
Renner, Susanne S. & Hausner, Gerlinde. 2005. Siparunaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 95: 1--247 pp. (Published by NYBG Press)
Renner, Susanne S. & Hausner, Gerlinde. 2005. Siparunaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 95: 1--247 pp. (Published by NYBG Press)
Family:
Monimiaceae
Monimiaceae
Synonyms:
Siparuna emarginata R.S.Cowan
Siparuna emarginata R.S.Cowan
Description:
Species Description - Monoecious tree, 10-40 m tall, sometimes with buttresses, reaching a dbh of 120 cm; young branch-lets 4- to 6-angled or sulcate, densely covered with transparent or silvery peltate scales. Leaves in whorls of 4-6; petioles 2-5 cm long; lamina drying brown, coriaceous, obovate to oblanceolate, 22-40(-85) X 12-17(-25) cm, the base long-attenuate, the apex rounded or emarginate, above with a few minute scales, below with stellate hairs and scales, the latter especially along the veins, with 14-20 pairs of secondary veins, smooth above, distinctly raised below, the margin entire. Cymes 8-12 cm long and densely covered with silvery scales, the inflorescence axes sulcate like the young branchlets, with about 12 longitudinal ridges, with 30-40 flowers. Fresh flowers yellow; male flowers clavate to subglobose, 2.5-4.5 mm in diam., 2-6 mm high, the indumentum as on the cymes; tepals connate and forming a persistent dome; floral roof hardly developed; stamens 2, fleshy and triangular, dorsally with a few stellate-lepidote hairs (Fig. 11F); female flowers subglobose to ovoid, distinctly constricted at the apex (Fig. 29B) and tapering towards the floral pore, slightly larger than the male flowers, 4.2-7 mm in diam., 5.3-6.5 mm high, the tepals connate and forming a broadly conical dome around the floral roof, the floral roof sheathing the stylar column (compare Fig. 7I); carpels 6-10. Fruiting receptacle 2.5-3 cm in diam., up to 5 cm long, with about 12 longitudinal ribs, remaining green at maturity and not splitting open, with an astringent smell, drying black with a few silvery scales; drupelets 6-8, lacking a stylar aril.
Species Description - Monoecious tree, 10-40 m tall, sometimes with buttresses, reaching a dbh of 120 cm; young branch-lets 4- to 6-angled or sulcate, densely covered with transparent or silvery peltate scales. Leaves in whorls of 4-6; petioles 2-5 cm long; lamina drying brown, coriaceous, obovate to oblanceolate, 22-40(-85) X 12-17(-25) cm, the base long-attenuate, the apex rounded or emarginate, above with a few minute scales, below with stellate hairs and scales, the latter especially along the veins, with 14-20 pairs of secondary veins, smooth above, distinctly raised below, the margin entire. Cymes 8-12 cm long and densely covered with silvery scales, the inflorescence axes sulcate like the young branchlets, with about 12 longitudinal ridges, with 30-40 flowers. Fresh flowers yellow; male flowers clavate to subglobose, 2.5-4.5 mm in diam., 2-6 mm high, the indumentum as on the cymes; tepals connate and forming a persistent dome; floral roof hardly developed; stamens 2, fleshy and triangular, dorsally with a few stellate-lepidote hairs (Fig. 11F); female flowers subglobose to ovoid, distinctly constricted at the apex (Fig. 29B) and tapering towards the floral pore, slightly larger than the male flowers, 4.2-7 mm in diam., 5.3-6.5 mm high, the tepals connate and forming a broadly conical dome around the floral roof, the floral roof sheathing the stylar column (compare Fig. 7I); carpels 6-10. Fruiting receptacle 2.5-3 cm in diam., up to 5 cm long, with about 12 longitudinal ribs, remaining green at maturity and not splitting open, with an astringent smell, drying black with a few silvery scales; drupelets 6-8, lacking a stylar aril.
Discussion:
Siparuna pachyantha is recognized by its sulcate branchlets, large fruits, and whorls of four to six large and loosely lepidote leaves with attenuate bases. The only species similar to S. pachyantha in indumentum and floral structure is S. decipiens, which however has opposite leaves, smaller fruits, and a floral calyptra. Both species are among the siparunas whose mature receptacles do not split open. Likely, these fruits are taken by ground-foraging birds (see the section on Dispersal and Germination in the general part). When cut, the phloem of S. pachyantha produces a watery or sticky exudate that quickly oxidizes red (Boom & Mori 2184; Mori et al 23882; Rudas et al. 5171; W. Palacios et al. 8858).When describing Siparuna emarginata, Cowan pointed out that it was very close to S. pachyantha. However, he thought the two could be kept separate because of differences in cyme length, numbers of principal leaf veins, and emarginate leaves. With the more abundant material available now, these characters do not hold.
Siparuna pachyantha is recognized by its sulcate branchlets, large fruits, and whorls of four to six large and loosely lepidote leaves with attenuate bases. The only species similar to S. pachyantha in indumentum and floral structure is S. decipiens, which however has opposite leaves, smaller fruits, and a floral calyptra. Both species are among the siparunas whose mature receptacles do not split open. Likely, these fruits are taken by ground-foraging birds (see the section on Dispersal and Germination in the general part). When cut, the phloem of S. pachyantha produces a watery or sticky exudate that quickly oxidizes red (Boom & Mori 2184; Mori et al 23882; Rudas et al. 5171; W. Palacios et al. 8858).When describing Siparuna emarginata, Cowan pointed out that it was very close to S. pachyantha. However, he thought the two could be kept separate because of differences in cyme length, numbers of principal leaf veins, and emarginate leaves. With the more abundant material available now, these characters do not hold.
Distribution:
Amazonas Colombia South America| Caquetá Colombia South America| French Guiana South America| Sucumbíos Ecuador South America| Amazonas Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| Amapá Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America|
Amazonas Colombia South America| Caquetá Colombia South America| French Guiana South America| Sucumbíos Ecuador South America| Amazonas Peru South America| Loreto Peru South America| Amapá Brazil South America| Amazonas Brazil South America| Pará Brazil South America|
Common Names:
imeco, picho huayo grande, capitíu da folha grande, caá-pitiú
imeco, picho huayo grande, capitíu da folha grande, caá-pitiú