Monographs Details:
Authority:
Knapp, Sandra D. 2002. section (Solanaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 84: 1-404. (Published by NYBG Press)
Knapp, Sandra D. 2002.
Family:
Solanaceae
Solanaceae
Description:
Species Description - Small shrubs 0.5-3 m tall; stems slender; young stems sparsely pubescent with minute hooked trichomes, ca. 0.5 mm long, the uni- or bicellular hook borne on a multicellular mound-like base, the hook often deciduous. Sympodial units difoliate, usually not geminate. Leaves ovate, widest at or just proximal to the middle; upper surface of the leaves covered with hooked trichomes 0.5-1 mm long, like those of the young stems, the hooks soon deciduous leaving only the multicellular mound-like bases, which appear to the naked eye as minute white specks on the upper leaf surface; lower surface with minute hooked trichomes, less than 0.5 mm long, on the veins and in small depressions on the lamina; both surfaces scabrous; major leaves 6.5-14 x 1.9-6.5 cm, the apex acuminate, the base acute, decurrent on the petiole; petioles 0.6-1.4 cm long; minor leaves 2.9-7 x 1.5-4 cm, the apex acuminate, the base attenuate; petioles 0.9-1.4 cm long. Inflorescences opposite the leaves, simple, 0.5-3.5 cm long, few-flowered, sparsely pubescent with uniseriate trichomes less than 0.5 mm long; pedicel scars unevenly spaced 0.5-1 mm apart. Buds globose, glabrous. Pedicels at anthesis 0.8-1 cm long, tapering from the calyx tube to a slender base ca. 0.5 mm diam. Flowers with the calyx tube very short, less than 1 mm long, the lobes deltoid, ca. 2 mm long, the tips tufted with minute uniseriate trichomes; corolla white, 1.6-2 cm across, lobed 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes planar or campanulate at anthesis, the tips of the lobes minutely papillose; anthers ca. 4 x 1.5 mm, poricidal at the tips, the pores teardrop shaped; free portion of the filament tube less than 0.5 mm long, the filament tube ca. 1 mm long; ovary glabrous; style 6-7 mm long, straight; stigma not markedly larger than the style, minutely papillose. Fruit a globose, green or greenish-yellow berry, slightly apicu-late from the persistent style base, 0.8-1.3 cm diam,; fruiting pedicels slightly expanded apically, woody, deflexed, ca. 2 cm long; calyx lobes slightly accrescent in fruit, ca. 2 mm long. Seeds pale yellow or tan, flattened-reniform, ca. 2 x 1.5 mm, the margins incrassate, the surfaces minutely pitted. Chromosome number not known.
Species Description - Small shrubs 0.5-3 m tall; stems slender; young stems sparsely pubescent with minute hooked trichomes, ca. 0.5 mm long, the uni- or bicellular hook borne on a multicellular mound-like base, the hook often deciduous. Sympodial units difoliate, usually not geminate. Leaves ovate, widest at or just proximal to the middle; upper surface of the leaves covered with hooked trichomes 0.5-1 mm long, like those of the young stems, the hooks soon deciduous leaving only the multicellular mound-like bases, which appear to the naked eye as minute white specks on the upper leaf surface; lower surface with minute hooked trichomes, less than 0.5 mm long, on the veins and in small depressions on the lamina; both surfaces scabrous; major leaves 6.5-14 x 1.9-6.5 cm, the apex acuminate, the base acute, decurrent on the petiole; petioles 0.6-1.4 cm long; minor leaves 2.9-7 x 1.5-4 cm, the apex acuminate, the base attenuate; petioles 0.9-1.4 cm long. Inflorescences opposite the leaves, simple, 0.5-3.5 cm long, few-flowered, sparsely pubescent with uniseriate trichomes less than 0.5 mm long; pedicel scars unevenly spaced 0.5-1 mm apart. Buds globose, glabrous. Pedicels at anthesis 0.8-1 cm long, tapering from the calyx tube to a slender base ca. 0.5 mm diam. Flowers with the calyx tube very short, less than 1 mm long, the lobes deltoid, ca. 2 mm long, the tips tufted with minute uniseriate trichomes; corolla white, 1.6-2 cm across, lobed 2/3 of the way to the base, the lobes planar or campanulate at anthesis, the tips of the lobes minutely papillose; anthers ca. 4 x 1.5 mm, poricidal at the tips, the pores teardrop shaped; free portion of the filament tube less than 0.5 mm long, the filament tube ca. 1 mm long; ovary glabrous; style 6-7 mm long, straight; stigma not markedly larger than the style, minutely papillose. Fruit a globose, green or greenish-yellow berry, slightly apicu-late from the persistent style base, 0.8-1.3 cm diam,; fruiting pedicels slightly expanded apically, woody, deflexed, ca. 2 cm long; calyx lobes slightly accrescent in fruit, ca. 2 mm long. Seeds pale yellow or tan, flattened-reniform, ca. 2 x 1.5 mm, the margins incrassate, the surfaces minutely pitted. Chromosome number not known.
Discussion:
Solarium trachytrichium is clearly closely related to S. cassioides, also of southeastern Brazil. S. trachytrichium is easily distinguished from that species by its larger, campanulate flowers, shorter inflorescences, and scabrous leaves. The scabrous leaf surfaces make this one of the easiest species in sect. Geminata to identify using vegetative characters. The trichomes are unusual in the section in having a unicellular hook on a moundlike multicellular base. In dry material, the entire trichome is transparent, and the bases appear as white specks on the upper leaf surfaces. Their structure was so different from that of other solanum trichomes that Bitter described subsect. Silicosolanum, containing only S. trachytrichium. The trichomes do not contain silica, but are rough to the touch, thus the name.The lectotype of Solanum trachytrichium chosen by Smith and Downs (1966), Dusén 11143, is superfluous as Bitter clearly designated Ekman 821 as the type in his original description of S. trachytrichium.
Solarium trachytrichium is clearly closely related to S. cassioides, also of southeastern Brazil. S. trachytrichium is easily distinguished from that species by its larger, campanulate flowers, shorter inflorescences, and scabrous leaves. The scabrous leaf surfaces make this one of the easiest species in sect. Geminata to identify using vegetative characters. The trichomes are unusual in the section in having a unicellular hook on a moundlike multicellular base. In dry material, the entire trichome is transparent, and the bases appear as white specks on the upper leaf surfaces. Their structure was so different from that of other solanum trichomes that Bitter described subsect. Silicosolanum, containing only S. trachytrichium. The trichomes do not contain silica, but are rough to the touch, thus the name.The lectotype of Solanum trachytrichium chosen by Smith and Downs (1966), Dusén 11143, is superfluous as Bitter clearly designated Ekman 821 as the type in his original description of S. trachytrichium.
Distribution:
Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Rio Grande do Sul Brazil South America| Santa Catarina Brazil South America| Alto Paraná Paraguay South America| Canindeyú Paraguay South America| Itapúa Paraguay South America| Misiones Argentina South America|
Brazil South America| Paraná Brazil South America| Rio Grande do Sul Brazil South America| Santa Catarina Brazil South America| Alto Paraná Paraguay South America| Canindeyú Paraguay South America| Itapúa Paraguay South America| Misiones Argentina South America|
Common Names:
canema mirim
canema mirim