Monographs Details:
Authority:
Molau, Ulf. 1988. Scrophulariaceae Part I. Calceolarieae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 47: 1-325. (Published by NYBG Press)
Molau, Ulf. 1988. Scrophulariaceae Part I. Calceolarieae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 47: 1-325. (Published by NYBG Press)
Family:
Scrophulariaceae
Scrophulariaceae
Synonyms:
Fagelia
Fagelia
Description:
Genus Description - Annual or perennial terrestrial shrubs, vines and herbs; indumentum of simple trichomes. Leaves usually decussate, simple, entire to deeply lobate or pinnatifid, petiolate or sessile. Inflorescence a compound thyrse with cymose florescences, each terminal flower normally provided with a front flower with the same orientation, or sometimes reduced to solitary flowers. Calyx 4-partite, the sepals valvate. Corolla bilabiate, mostly yellow, the upper lip arched or hooded (rarely saccate), the lower lip saccate, dorsally provided with an infolded lobe often bearing a dense patch of glandular trichomes (elaiophore), the neck often red-spotted within. Stamens two, the thecae usually ± contiguous and opening by a longitudinal slit. Ovary superior or semi-inferior, the style simple, the stigma capitate or inconspicuous. Fruit a dry septicidal and loculicidal capsule opening by four valves. Seeds usually ellipsoidal, small (0.3-1 mm), numerous, usually with longitudinal and transverse ridges and with a thin tertiary pattern, rarely the seeds papillose. A Central and South American genus of 240270 species, ranging from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego. A few species are established as worldwide weeds in tropical and subtropical areas. There are two strictly extratropical sections of Calceolaria (both belonging to subgenus Rosula), restricted to temperate South America and hence not treated systematically in this study. The section Corymbosae (Bentham) Kränzlin3 comprises subrosulate herbs with often many-flowered inflorescences. Well-known species of this section are C. corymbosa Ruiz & Pavón and C. crenatiflora Cav.
Genus Description - Annual or perennial terrestrial shrubs, vines and herbs; indumentum of simple trichomes. Leaves usually decussate, simple, entire to deeply lobate or pinnatifid, petiolate or sessile. Inflorescence a compound thyrse with cymose florescences, each terminal flower normally provided with a front flower with the same orientation, or sometimes reduced to solitary flowers. Calyx 4-partite, the sepals valvate. Corolla bilabiate, mostly yellow, the upper lip arched or hooded (rarely saccate), the lower lip saccate, dorsally provided with an infolded lobe often bearing a dense patch of glandular trichomes (elaiophore), the neck often red-spotted within. Stamens two, the thecae usually ± contiguous and opening by a longitudinal slit. Ovary superior or semi-inferior, the style simple, the stigma capitate or inconspicuous. Fruit a dry septicidal and loculicidal capsule opening by four valves. Seeds usually ellipsoidal, small (0.3-1 mm), numerous, usually with longitudinal and transverse ridges and with a thin tertiary pattern, rarely the seeds papillose. A Central and South American genus of 240270 species, ranging from Mexico to Tierra del Fuego. A few species are established as worldwide weeds in tropical and subtropical areas. There are two strictly extratropical sections of Calceolaria (both belonging to subgenus Rosula), restricted to temperate South America and hence not treated systematically in this study. The section Corymbosae (Bentham) Kränzlin3 comprises subrosulate herbs with often many-flowered inflorescences. Well-known species of this section are C. corymbosa Ruiz & Pavón and C. crenatiflora Cav.
Discussion:
The other extratropical section, Kremastocheilos Witasek,4 comprises advanced rosulate herbs with highly specialized few-flowered inflorescences. The section is represented by numerous species in Patagonia and some in the Falkland Islands; well-known species are C. uniflora Lam. (includes C. darwinii Benth., C. nana Sm.), C. biflora Lam., C. luxurians Witasek, and C. lanceolata Cav. Both these sections are in the need of thorough taxonomic revisions, partly because of the common occurrence of horticultural names of species, partly because of the immense local differentiation within those species with long and narrow distributional areas. Local names. The following local names are promiscuously used for various species of different sections, and are to be regarded as local generic names: bolsa or bolsa-bolsa (Peru), bol-silla (Ecuador, Peru), globitos (Peru), mancapac (Peru), paquía (dept. Ancash, Peru), pucu-pucu (Peru), puru-puru (dept. Cuzco, Peru), zapatilla (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia), zapatito (Peru).
The other extratropical section, Kremastocheilos Witasek,4 comprises advanced rosulate herbs with highly specialized few-flowered inflorescences. The section is represented by numerous species in Patagonia and some in the Falkland Islands; well-known species are C. uniflora Lam. (includes C. darwinii Benth., C. nana Sm.), C. biflora Lam., C. luxurians Witasek, and C. lanceolata Cav. Both these sections are in the need of thorough taxonomic revisions, partly because of the common occurrence of horticultural names of species, partly because of the immense local differentiation within those species with long and narrow distributional areas. Local names. The following local names are promiscuously used for various species of different sections, and are to be regarded as local generic names: bolsa or bolsa-bolsa (Peru), bol-silla (Ecuador, Peru), globitos (Peru), mancapac (Peru), paquía (dept. Ancash, Peru), pucu-pucu (Peru), puru-puru (dept. Cuzco, Peru), zapatilla (Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia), zapatito (Peru).