Monographs Details:
Authority:
Bohs, Lynn A. 1994. Cyphomandra (Solanaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 63: 154. (Published by NYBG Press)
Bohs, Lynn A. 1994. Cyphomandra (Solanaceae). Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 63: 154. (Published by NYBG Press)
Family:
Solanaceae
Solanaceae
Description:
Species Description - Small tree or shrub 1-5 m tall. Branches glabrous to densely puberulent(-pubescent), sometimes also sparsely pilose. Leaf blades simple or pinnately compound, membranaceous to chartaceous, acuminate at apex, glabrous to densely pubescent-pilose adaxially, glabrous to densely puberulent-pubescent abaxially; petioles glabrous to densely puberulent-pilose. Trunk leaves simple to 11-pinnate; if simple, the blade elliptic, 11-16 cm long, 5.5-12 cm wide, length:width ratio ca. 2:1, the base truncate to cordate with basal lobes up to 1 cm long; if compound, the blade 15-30 cm long, 12-27 cm wide, the terminal leaflet elliptic to obovate, 11-22 cm long, 2-9 cm wide, the base cuneate, the petiolule 6-25 mm long, the lateral leaflets 3-18 cm long, 1.5-7 cm wide, the petiolules 0-10 mm long; petioles 211.5 cm long. Crown leaves 4 per sympodial unit, simple or 3-7-pinnate; if simple, the blade elliptic, 5-20 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, length:width ratio 1.5-3:1, the base cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate with basal lobes less than 0.5 cm long; if compound, the blade 6-25 cm long, 7-25 cm wide, the terminal leaflet elliptic to obovate, 5-18 cm long, 1.5-8.5 cm wide, the base cuneate, the petiolule 3-30 mm long, the lateral leaflets spreading or ascending, 1.5-13 cm long; petioles 0.5-6 cm long. Inflorescence unbranched or branched, 6-40-flowered, 3-30 cm long; peduncle 1-23 cm long; rachises 1-14 cm long; pedicels 8-35 mm long, 15-35 mm long in fruit, 1-13 mm apart, articulated near the base, leaving pedicellar remnants less than 1 mm long; peduncle, rachises, and pedicels glabrous to densely puberulent and sometimes also sparsely pilose. Flower buds globose, obtuse at apex. Calyx chartaceous to fleshy, glabrous to moderately pubescent, the radius 2-11 mm, the lobes 1-9 mm long, 1 A-\ mm wide, triangular to deltate, acute or obtuse. Corolla purple, greenish, or white, somewhat fleshy, urceolate (to campanulate), the radius 8-16 mm, the tube 4-8 mm long, the lobes deltate, 3-7(-10) mm long, 3-7 mm wide, glabrous to densely papillose, puberulent, or tomentose abaxially and adaxially, the margin tomentose, the apex acute. Anther thecae white or purple, elliptic-ovate to oblong, 3-5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the pores directed abaxially and laterally; connective yellow or purple, ovate to oblong, 3.5-6 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, abaxially slightly shorter than thecae at apex, exceeding them at base by 0.5-1 mm, adaxially not present. Ovary glabrous; style glabrous, cylindrical, slightly dilated distally, 5-7.5 mm long, 0.51 mm in diam., exserted 1-3 mm beyond stamens; stigma truncate to capitate, 1-1.5 mm in diam. Fruit ellipsoidal, globose to fusiform, acute or obtuse at apex, (1-)2-8.5 cm long, 1-3 cm in diam., glabrous, yellow or orange when ripe, often with darker longitudinal stripes; mesocarp without stone cell aggregates; seeds 2.5-6 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, reticulate to minutely puberulent.
Species Description - Small tree or shrub 1-5 m tall. Branches glabrous to densely puberulent(-pubescent), sometimes also sparsely pilose. Leaf blades simple or pinnately compound, membranaceous to chartaceous, acuminate at apex, glabrous to densely pubescent-pilose adaxially, glabrous to densely puberulent-pubescent abaxially; petioles glabrous to densely puberulent-pilose. Trunk leaves simple to 11-pinnate; if simple, the blade elliptic, 11-16 cm long, 5.5-12 cm wide, length:width ratio ca. 2:1, the base truncate to cordate with basal lobes up to 1 cm long; if compound, the blade 15-30 cm long, 12-27 cm wide, the terminal leaflet elliptic to obovate, 11-22 cm long, 2-9 cm wide, the base cuneate, the petiolule 6-25 mm long, the lateral leaflets 3-18 cm long, 1.5-7 cm wide, the petiolules 0-10 mm long; petioles 211.5 cm long. Crown leaves 4 per sympodial unit, simple or 3-7-pinnate; if simple, the blade elliptic, 5-20 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, length:width ratio 1.5-3:1, the base cuneate to truncate or shallowly cordate with basal lobes less than 0.5 cm long; if compound, the blade 6-25 cm long, 7-25 cm wide, the terminal leaflet elliptic to obovate, 5-18 cm long, 1.5-8.5 cm wide, the base cuneate, the petiolule 3-30 mm long, the lateral leaflets spreading or ascending, 1.5-13 cm long; petioles 0.5-6 cm long. Inflorescence unbranched or branched, 6-40-flowered, 3-30 cm long; peduncle 1-23 cm long; rachises 1-14 cm long; pedicels 8-35 mm long, 15-35 mm long in fruit, 1-13 mm apart, articulated near the base, leaving pedicellar remnants less than 1 mm long; peduncle, rachises, and pedicels glabrous to densely puberulent and sometimes also sparsely pilose. Flower buds globose, obtuse at apex. Calyx chartaceous to fleshy, glabrous to moderately pubescent, the radius 2-11 mm, the lobes 1-9 mm long, 1 A-\ mm wide, triangular to deltate, acute or obtuse. Corolla purple, greenish, or white, somewhat fleshy, urceolate (to campanulate), the radius 8-16 mm, the tube 4-8 mm long, the lobes deltate, 3-7(-10) mm long, 3-7 mm wide, glabrous to densely papillose, puberulent, or tomentose abaxially and adaxially, the margin tomentose, the apex acute. Anther thecae white or purple, elliptic-ovate to oblong, 3-5 mm long, 2 mm wide, the pores directed abaxially and laterally; connective yellow or purple, ovate to oblong, 3.5-6 mm long, 1.5-3 mm wide, abaxially slightly shorter than thecae at apex, exceeding them at base by 0.5-1 mm, adaxially not present. Ovary glabrous; style glabrous, cylindrical, slightly dilated distally, 5-7.5 mm long, 0.51 mm in diam., exserted 1-3 mm beyond stamens; stigma truncate to capitate, 1-1.5 mm in diam. Fruit ellipsoidal, globose to fusiform, acute or obtuse at apex, (1-)2-8.5 cm long, 1-3 cm in diam., glabrous, yellow or orange when ripe, often with darker longitudinal stripes; mesocarp without stone cell aggregates; seeds 2.5-6 mm long, 2-5 mm wide, reticulate to minutely puberulent.
Discussion:
This distinctive species can be recognized by its urceolate corollas, usually pinnately compound leaves, and short, curved stamens with broad connectives. It most closely resembles C. pendula of Peru and Bolivia, but differs in its lack of dense tomentum on the abaxial corolla surface.My concept of C. diversifolia encompasses a great deal of variation in pubescence and in leaf, calyx, fruit and seed morphology. Nevertheless, most specimens of C. diversifolia are readily recognizable as such. At least two morphological and geographical entities can be discerned within the species, and are treated as subspecies. I have avoided recognizing these entities as species in part because they are distinguished by fruit characters, which are often lacking in herbarium material. Other than differences in calyx morphology, which exhibits considerable local variation (see below and Fig. 37), the two subspecies are very similar in vegetative and floral characters.
This distinctive species can be recognized by its urceolate corollas, usually pinnately compound leaves, and short, curved stamens with broad connectives. It most closely resembles C. pendula of Peru and Bolivia, but differs in its lack of dense tomentum on the abaxial corolla surface.My concept of C. diversifolia encompasses a great deal of variation in pubescence and in leaf, calyx, fruit and seed morphology. Nevertheless, most specimens of C. diversifolia are readily recognizable as such. At least two morphological and geographical entities can be discerned within the species, and are treated as subspecies. I have avoided recognizing these entities as species in part because they are distinguished by fruit characters, which are often lacking in herbarium material. Other than differences in calyx morphology, which exhibits considerable local variation (see below and Fig. 37), the two subspecies are very similar in vegetative and floral characters.
Distribution:
Costa Rica South America| Panama Central America| Colombia South America| Venezuela South America|
Costa Rica South America| Panama Central America| Colombia South America| Venezuela South America|