Displaying 121 - 180 out of 420 Object(s)
| Term | Definition | |
|---|---|---|
| Crassinucellate ovules | The presence of two or more cell layers between the megasporophyte and the epidermal cells in the early development of the megasporophyte. The megasporophyte develops into the embryo sac which contains the egg that, if fertilized and the conditions are right, will develop into the embryo. |  |
| Cross-section | A cut at right angles to the long axis of an organ. Same as transverse section. |  |
| Cucullate | Hood-shaped. From the Latin word cucullus which translates as hood. |  |
| Curved appendages | Referring to an appendage, most often a vestigial stamen, that arises from a non-expanded part of the ligule and curves slightly inward. |  |
| Cuticle | A waxy layer of the leaf blade that covers the epidermal cells. |  |
| Cuticular ridge | A raised ridge that parallels or curves around the stomatal crypts. |  |
| Cuticular wax | Flakes found on the abaxial leaf blade surface that look like they could have been formed by shedding of the cuticle. |  |
| Cylindrical fruit | A fruit that is much longer than it is broad. |  |
| Dehiscent fruit | Referring to fruits that open via an operculum (= lid like in a teapot) at maturity. |  |
| Differentiated pollen | Same as fodder pollen. | |
| Discolor (adj. = dicolorous) | When two sides of an organ, such as a leaf blade, are different colors. |  |
| Discolor (adj. = discolorous) | When two sides of an organ, such as a leaf blade, are different colors. | |
| Distal | The part of an organ furthest away from the point of attachment. |  |
| Diurnal | Appearing during the day, such as a flower at anthesis. |  |
| Domatium (pl. domatia) | A cavity or chamber, mostly associated with leaves, that usually serves as home for ants or mites. |  |
| Embryo | A young seed plant found within the seed, a dicotyledon embryo consists of the hypocotyle, cotyledons (usually two), and the epicotyl. |  |
| Embryo air chamber | Referring to an embryo with a chamber inside of the seed caused by bowed cotyledons. |  |
| Embryo macropodial (= cotyledons absent) | Massive embryo that shows no obvious cotyledons. Cotyledons absent is the preferred term. |  |
| Emergent tree | A species of tree in which adult individuals exceed the more or less continuous canopy layer of a forest. |  |
| Enclosed bud | A bud that is either completed surrounded by the calyx or that has a pore-like or slit-like opening at early developmental stages. |  |
| Endocarp buttress | A raised, somewhat rounded ridge running the length of the endocarp in the fruits of species of |
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| Endosperm | The energy-rich food supply of the seed that is formed by the fusion of the sperm and polar nuclei of the female gametophyte, initially surrounds the embryo, and is often apparent in the seed; some seeds, however, do not have any apparent endosperm. |  |
| Eophyll | The first leaves of a seedling, other than cotyledons, which may or may not be similar to adult leaves in form and position. |  |
| Epicotyl | That part of the main axis of an embryo or the young stem of a seedling located above the point of attachment of the cotyledons. The epicotyl gives rise to the leaves, the first of which are called eophylls. |  |
| Epidermal cells | Referring to the outermost cells of the adaxial and abaxial leaf blade surfaces which are covered by cuticle. Subsidiary cells surround the stomates and are distinguished from normal epidermal cells in their size, shape, or orientation. A stomatal type in which the cells surrounding the guard cells are not differentiated from the epidermal cells is called the anomocytic type. | |
| Excurrent secondary vein | Referring to a secondary vein that goes directly into the midrib without turning either basally or distally along the midrib. |  |
| Exmedial | Away from the leaf axis, i.e., away from the midrib. | |
| External flap | A flap that extends outward from the inner coil of the androecium to cover at least part of the top of the androecial hood. This structure is only fully developed in species of Couratari although incipient external flaps are found in several species of Eschweilera (e.g., Eschweilera cyathiformis and E. ovalifolia). In these species, the furrow is called the ligular sulcus. |  |
| Fascicle (Fasciculate) | Arranged in a tight bundle or cluster |  |
| Festoon (adj. festooned) | A type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin but join to form a series of prominent arches that form a submarginal nerve and, in addtion, the secondary veins possess closed loops toward their apices. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. |  |
| Filament stalk | A constricted area at the apex of the filament to which the anther is attached. |  |
| Filaments angular | Filaments with cross sections angular in outline. |  |
| Filaments arched | Filaments that depart from the rim of a staminal tube and arch inward. |  |
| Filaments clavate | Club-shaped, i.e., the filaments are unidimensional toward the base and then abruptly expanded in diameter toward the apex. |  |
| Filaments curved | Filaments that arise from the staminal ring of zygomorphic-flowered Lecythidaceae and curve inward. |  |
| Filaments golf club-shaped. | A filament that is unidimensional for the lower third of the length and enlarged and shaped like the head of an old fashioned golf club driver. |  |
| Filaments reflexed | Filaments that arise from the inside of a staminal tube that abruptly turn downward as found in all species of |
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| Filaments sigmoid-shaped | Refers to filaments that are S-shaped to a more-or-less degree. |  |
| Filaments straight | Filaments that do not deviate in direction throughout their length, i.e., they do not form an arch or do not turn abruptly downward. This type is less frequentyl called filament erect. | |
| Filaments tapered | A filament that arises from the staminal ring and gradually increases in diameter from the base to the apex. | |
| Filaments terete | Filaments with cross sections circular in outline. | .thumb.jpg) |
| Filaments unidimensional | Filaments that are the same diameter throughout their length. |  |
| Flower bisexual | A flower with a functional androecium (the male part of the flower and all parts derived from it) and a functional gynoecium (the female part of the flower). |  |
| Flower oxidizes bluish-green | When the flower is bruised, the color at the point of the bruise turns bluish-green. |  |
| Flowering associated with leaf flush | A phenological strategy in which a tree drops its leaves, flowers when the canopy is leafless or partially leafless, and flushes new leaves after flowering or flowers at about the same time that new leaves are flushed; i.e., there is some association between flowering and leaf fall and flush. |  |
| Flowering not associated with leaf flush | A phenological strategy in which there is no apparent relationship between leaf drop, leaf flush, and flowering. |  |
| Fodder pollen | Pollen that does not germinate and serves as a pollinator reward. This has been demonstrated in Couroupita guianensis and Lecythis pisonis (Mori et al., 1980) and is hypothesized for other species that appear to have staminodes on the inside of a flat hood or in stamens on the ligular side of the staminal ring. |  |
| Fruit oxidizes bluish-green | When the fruit is bruised, the color at the point of the bruise turns bluish-green. | |
| Fruit white lenticellate | A pericarp with the outer surface with scattered white dots. |  |
| Functionally indehiscent fruit | A circumscissile fruit that opens via an operculum (lid) but the seeds are trapped inside because the size of the opening is smaller than the size of the seeds. |  |
| Funicle | The cord that attaches the ovule and subsequently the seed to the fruit wall. |  |
| Gibbous | Swollen on one side. |  |
| Growth form | The life form of a plant; e.g., herb, tree, or shrub. Same as habit. |  |
| Guard cells | Two cells that flank each side of the stomatal opening. These cells control the input and output of carbon dioxide and oxygen and the output of water by opening and closing at different times of the day. | |
| Gynoecium (Pl. = gynoecia) | The female part of the flower (i.e., the pistil). | |
| Habit | The growth form of a plant; e.g., herb, tree, or shrub. Same as growth form. | |
| Heteranthery (adj. = heterantherous) | A flower that contains two types of pollen, one that germinates and is found in anthers and another that does not germinate and serves as a pollinator reward. |  |
| Higher order leaf venation | Referring to venation levels in the leaves above the tertiary veins. | |
| Homoecy (adj. = homoecious) | A species that bears only bisexual flowers on each plant. |  |
| Hypanthium | A floral tube made up of fused parts of the perianth and sometimes including receptacular tissue. The tube may be free from the ovary as in perigynous flowers or it may be fused to the ovary as in epignynous flowers. | |