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Term Definition
Crassinucellate ovules The presence of two or more cell layers between the megasporophyte and the epidermal cells in the early development of the megasporophyte. The megasporophyte develops into the embryo sac which contains the egg that, if fertilized and the conditions are right, will develop into the embryo. Tenuinucellate and crassinucellate ovules. Drawing by C.-H. Tsou.
Cross-section A cut at right angles to the long axis of an organ. Same as transverse section. Cross, longitudinal, and medial longitudinal sections of Grias purpuripetala. Photos by S. S. A. Mori.
Cucullate Hood-shaped. From the Latin word cucullus which translates as hood. Principal parts of the androecium of a zygomorphic-flowered Lecythidaceae. Drawing by B. Angell
Curved appendages Referring to an appendage, most often a vestigial stamen, that arises from a non-expanded part of the ligule and curves slightly inward. Bud and flower parts of Lecythis ibiriba. Photo by N. P. Smith.
Cuticle A waxy layer of the leaf blade that covers the epidermal cells. Stomates of Lecythidaceae. Drawing by Y.-Y. Huang and Photo by D. Black.
Cuticular ridge A raised ridge that parallels or curves around the stomatal crypts. Cuticular ridges. Photo by D. Black.
Cuticular wax Flakes found on the abaxial leaf blade surface that look like they could have been formed by shedding of the cuticle. Cuticular wax. Photo by D. Black.
Cylindrical fruit A fruit that is much longer than it is broad. Several examples of cylindrical fruits from the Guianas.
Dehiscent fruit Referring to fruits that open via an operculum (= lid like in a teapot) at maturity. Dispersal of the seeds of Phyllostomus hastatus. Drawing by M. Rothman.
Differentiated pollen Same as fodder pollen. Dispersal of the seeds of Phyllostomus hastatus. Drawing by M. Rothman.
Discolor (adj. = dicolorous) When two sides of an organ, such as a leaf blade, are different colors. Leaves of Grias subbullata. Photo by X. Cornejo.
Discolor (adj. = discolorous) When two sides of an organ, such as a leaf blade, are different colors. Leaves of Grias subbullata. Photo by X. Cornejo.
Distal The part of an organ furthest away from the point of attachment. Venation of Eschweilera baguensis. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Diurnal Appearing during the day, such as a flower at anthesis. Flower of Corythophora labriculata. Photo by S. A. Mori
Domatium (pl. domatia) A cavity or chamber, mostly associated with leaves, that usually serves as home for ants or mites. Domatium of Cariniana domestica. Photo by C. gracie.
Embryo A young seed plant found within the seed, a dicotyledon embryo consists of the hypocotyle, cotyledons (usually two), and the epicotyl. Examples of embryos without cotyledons in the Lecythis ollaria clade. Photos by S. A. Mori.
Embryo air chamber Referring to an embryo with a chamber inside of the seed caused by bowed cotyledons. Bowed cotyledons and seed air chamber of Allantoma integrifolia. Photo S. A. Mori.
Embryo macropodial (= cotyledons absent) Massive embryo that shows no obvious cotyledons. Cotyledons absent is the preferred term. Cotyledons absent. Photo by S. A. Mori
Emergent tree A species of tree in which adult individuals exceed the more or less continuous canopy layer of a forest. An emergent tree of Couratari multiflora. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Enclosed bud A bud that is either completed surrounded by the calyx or that has a pore-like or slit-like opening at early developmental stages. Inflorescence of Grias peruviana. Photo by X. Cornejo.
Endocarp buttress A raised, somewhat rounded ridge running the length of the endocarp in the fruits of species of . Cross-section of the hypanthium of Grias cauliflora. Photo by C. Carollo.
Endosperm The energy-rich food supply of the seed that is formed by the fusion of the sperm and polar nuclei of the female gametophyte, initially surrounds the embryo, and is often apparent in the seed; some seeds, however, do not have any apparent endosperm. Endosperm at early seed development. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Eophyll The first leaves of a seedling, other than cotyledons, which may or may not be similar to adult leaves in form and position. Seedling of Cariniana micrantha. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Epicotyl That part of the main axis of an embryo or the young stem of a seedling located above the point of attachment of the cotyledons. The epicotyl gives rise to the leaves, the first of which are called eophylls. A schematic drawing of an embryo.
Epidermal cells Referring to the outermost cells of the adaxial and abaxial leaf blade surfaces which are covered by cuticle. Subsidiary cells surround the stomates and are distinguished from normal epidermal cells in their size, shape, or orientation. A stomatal type in which the cells surrounding the guard cells are not differentiated from the epidermal cells is called the anomocytic type. Stomates of Lecythidaceae. Drawing by Y.-Y. Huang and Photo by D. Black.
Excurrent secondary vein Referring to a secondary vein that goes directly into the midrib without turning either basally or distally along the midrib. Abaxial view of the center of a leaf blade of Gustavia petiolata. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Exmedial Away from the leaf axis, i.e., away from the midrib. Venation of Eschweilera baguensis. Photo by S. A. Mori.
External flap A flap that extends outward from the inner coil of the androecium to cover at least part of the top of the androecial hood. This structure is only fully developed in species of Couratari although incipient external flaps are found in several species of Eschweilera (e.g., Eschweilera cyathiformis and E. ovalifolia). In these species, the furrow is called the ligular sulcus. Androecial hood o Couratari stellata. Photo by C. Gracie and drawing by B. Angell.
Fascicle (Fasciculate) Arranged in a tight bundle or cluster Inflorescences of Grias cauliflora.  Photo by S. A. Mori.
Festoon (adj. festooned) A type of leaf venation in which the secondary veins do not terminate at the margin but join to form a series of prominent arches that form a submarginal nerve and, in addtion, the secondary veins possess closed loops toward their apices. Based on Hickey, 1973. For more information about leaf venation see Ellis et al, 2009. Leaf venation of Lecythis holcogyne. Photo by C. Carollo.
Filament stalk A constricted area at the apex of the filament to which the anther is attached. Filament stark of Gustavia grandibracteata. Photo by N. P. Smith.
Filaments angular Filaments with cross sections angular in outline. Stamens of Grias peruviana. Photo by C. Carollo.
Filaments arched Filaments that depart from the rim of a staminal tube and arch inward. Flower of Gustavia augusta.  Photo by C. A. Gracie.
Filaments clavate Club-shaped, i.e., the filaments are unidimensional toward the base and then abruptly expanded in diameter toward the apex. Clavate filaments of Eschweilera caudiculata. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Filaments curved Filaments that arise from the staminal ring of zygomorphic-flowered Lecythidaceae and curve inward. Medial section of a mature bud (with petals removed) of Lecythis brancoensis. Photo by N. P. Smith.
Filaments golf club-shaped. A filament that is unidimensional for the lower third of the length and enlarged and shaped like the head of an old fashioned golf club driver. Filaments of Bertholletia excelsa. Photo by C. Carollo.
Filaments reflexed Filaments that arise from the inside of a staminal tube that abruptly turn downward as found in all species of and Staminal tube of Allantoma lineata. Drawing by H. M. Fukuda.
Filaments sigmoid-shaped Refers to filaments that are S-shaped to a more-or-less degree. Sigmoid filaments of Lecythis persistens subsp. aurantiaca. Photo by C. Gracie.
Filaments straight Filaments that do not deviate in direction throughout their length, i.e., they do not form an arch or do not turn abruptly downward. This type is less frequentyl called filament erect. Clavate filaments of Eschweilera caudiculata. Photo by S. A. Mori.
Filaments tapered A filament that arises from the staminal ring and gradually increases in diameter from the base to the apex. Medial section of a mature bud (with petals removed) of Lecythis brancoensis. Photo by N. P. Smith.