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Term	Definition
Introrse	Directed inward, as the dehiscence of an anther. Compare with extrorse and latrorse.
Intruded placenta	A parietal placenta that penetrates into the locule such that the placentation appears to be axile; e.g., in some species of Flacourtiaceae.
Invasive	A species of plant, animal, or microbe from one area that is introduced into an area where it was not present before and once established in the new habitat it causes economic damage, outcompetes native species thereby causing them to become less common, causes native species to be extirpated from some areas, or drives native species to extinction.
Involucre (diminutive = involucel)	A series of fused, overlapping, or free bracts that subtend inflorescences (e.g., in some Apiaceae, many Asteraceae, and Euphorbia of the Euphorbiaceae) or flowers (e.g., the female flowers of species of hickory (Carya spp.).
Involucrum	An adherent group of hairs arising from the style head in the Apocynaceae and often forming a ring that closes off the corolla. Sometimes called the ring.
Involute	With the margin inrolled toward the adaxial surface as in the leaves of many Commelinaceae (e.g., Dichorisandra) and some Araceae such as Anthurium jenmanii. Compare with revolute and supervolute.
Iridoid	Like an iris or a member of the iris family (Iridaceae).
Irregular	Ver zigomorfa
Irregular flower	A flower capable of being divided into only two equal parts (mirror images) by a line passing through the middle of a flower, i.e., other lines passing the middle of the flower will not give mirror images of one another; same as zygomorphic, monosymmetric, and bilaterally symmetrical, flowers and opposite of actinomorphic, monosymmetric, radially symmetrical, and regular flowers. This term can refer to other plant parts as well.
Iso-	A prefix meaning equal or like.
Isocotylar cotyledons	Cotyledons that are morphological identical
Isocotylous	Referring to seedlings in which both cotyledons are similar in shape and size. Compare with anisocotylous.
Isodiametric	Referring to cells with equal diameters throughout; i.e., approximately spherical in shape.
Isódroma, isódromo	Se refiere al patrón de las venas, en el que las primeras dos venas de un segmento nacen opuestas la una con relación a la otra. Comparar con anádroma y catádroma.
Isodromous	Referring to a venation pattern in which the first two veins in a given leaf segment arise opposite one another. Compare with anadromous and catadromous.
Isomorphic	Referring to structures or organs in species or individuals that are similar in form and size. Opposite of heteromorphic and anisomorphic.
Isophyllous	Having leaves all of one shape and size. Same as homophyllous.
Isotype	A duplicate of the holotype. If a collection selected as the holotype has duplicates, the duplicates are called isotypes.
Isthmus	A thin, constricted connection between parts of an organ or structure; in the Orchidaceae referring to a narrow portion of the lip common in species of Oncidium.
Iteropary (iteroparic or iteroparous)	Referring to plants that flower repeatedly; i.e., those that do not die after a single flowering. Same as polycarpic and pleionanthic; opposite of hapaxanthic and monocarpic.
Jaculator	A hooklike structure derived from the funicle of many Acanthaceae that aids in dispersal by ejecting the seed from the fruit. Same as retinaculum.
Jardín de hormigas	Una bola de raíces habitada por hormigas que se forma en ciertas especies de plantas epífitas.
Jugum (plural = juga)	A pair of leaflets on a pinnately compound leaf.
Keel	Ridged like the bottom of a boat; same as carinate.The two lower, united petals of the flower of most species of Fabaceae subfamily Papilionoideae.
Keeled	Bearing a keel, same as carinate.
Keystone species	A species that plays a role in the survival of other species, such as by providing a source of food; e.g., species of Ficus (Moraceae).
Labellum	Same as lip.
Labelo	Ver labio.
Labiate	Lipped; i.e., referring to plant parts that are shapped like lips; of or pertaining to the Lamiaceae (mint family).
Labio	En las Orchidaceae es el pétalo del medio. Este usualmente está altamente modificado y es diferente a los dos pétalos laterales restantes. El labio de las orquídeas usualmente juega un papel importante en la polinización; también es una de las dos partes de una corola bilabiada, por ejemplo, en las Lamiaceae.
Lacerate	Torn, irregularly cut or divided, usually referring to the margin of a structure.
Laciniate	Cut into narrow divisions.
Lageniform	Gourd-shaped.
Lamellate	Made up of small, thin plates.
Lámina	Porción generalmente expandida y aplanada de una hoja.
Lamina	The expanded portion of a leaf or other structure such as a petal; when it is a leaf the narrowed part is the petiole and when it is a petal the narrowed part is the claw. Same as blade.
Laminar	Expanded into a flattened or bladelike structure.
Laminar placentation	A type of parietal placentation in which the ovules arise along the surface (rather than the margins) of the carpels. Compare with marginal placentation; see placentation.
Laminariform	Bladelike.
Laminate (laminated)	Arranged in layers, e.g., the outer bark of Lecythis pisonis..
Lanate	Woolly, usually referring to a type of pubescence.
Lanceoid	Referring to a three-dimensional structure that is lance-shaped when viewed from the side (wider at the base than at the middle).
Lanceolada	Se refiere a la forma de una lámina de una hoja u otra estructura similar, cuando es más ancha en la base, sus márgenes son convergentes y cuya relación longitud/ancho es 3:1 o mayor
Lanceolate	Lanceolate refers to a leaf, sepal, petal, or other flat structure that is wider at the base than at the midpoint, tapers toward the apex, and has a length-to-width ratio of 3:1 or more.
Lanuginose	Woolly or cottony, referring to a type of pubescence.
Large Trees Score	0-10 scale of the % of mature trees at the site, and % of those alive
Lateral aril	An aril that runs along the side of the seed such as in many, but not all, species of Eschweilera (Lecythidaceae).
Lateral bud	A bud arising in the axil of a leaf. Same as axillary bud.
Lateral leaflet	In a pinnately compound leaf, the leaflets at inserted along the rachis. Note that pinnately compound leaves with lateral leaflets can be either imparipinnate ( = odd pinnate) or paripinnate (= even pinnate) depending on if there is a terminal or there is not a terminal leaflet, respectively.
Lateral style	Referring to a gynobasic style that arises from the base and side of the ovary.
Lateral vein	Same as secondary vein.
Látex	Exudado blanco, cremoso o amarillo que usualmente emana a través de alguna herida en las plantas. Las especies de Clusiaceae usualmente emanan látex cuando son cortadas
Latex	Opaque, white, creamy, or yellow, free-flowing exudate, usually observed from a wound in a plant; species of Clusiaceae usually exude latex when wounded.
Laticifer	A latex-producing cell or series of cells.
Latrorse	Directed toward the side, as the dehiscence of an anther; same as lateral. Compare with extrorse and introrse.
Latticed	Cross-barred; e.g., the trunks of Swartzia polyphylla (Fabaceae), which are sulcate with connections between the ridges.
Lax	Loose, not congested, often used to describe the density of flowers in an inflorescence.
Leaf	An expanded stucture where photosynthesis takes place and usually consisiting of a petiole and a blade.
Leaf	A green, expanded stucture usually consisiting of a petiole and a blade but sometimes without a petiole in which photosynthesis takes place. When a petiole is absent the leaf is called sessile.
Leaf apex acuminate	Gradually tapering to an acute apex with the sides being concave.
Leaf apex acute	Sharp; usually referring to the apex of a flattened structure (such as a leaf) in which the two sides are straight and, when they meet, form an angle that is always less than 90°
Leaf apex attenuate	Tapering very gradually to a narrow tip.
Leaf apex emarginate	Markedly notched, such as the apex of a leaf or other structure.
Leaf apex mucronate	A sharp point at the apex of a leaf or a similar structure, e.g., a bract.
Leaf apex obtuse	Blunt, usually referring to the apex of a flattened structure (such as a leaf) in which the two sides are straight and, when they meet, form an angle greater than 90°.
Leaf apex retuse	Notched slightly at the apex.
Leaf apex rounded	Referring to a leaf blade base that is curved at the apex with an angle greater than 90 degrees at the point where the two sides meet.
Leaf apex truncate	Referring to an apex or base that terminates abruptly in a nearly straight horizontal edge.
Leaf asymmetrical	Referring to the form of a leaf in relation to the midrib, if the blade on each side of the midrib is unequal the leaf is asymmetrical.
Leaf base acute	Sharp; referring to the base of a leaf blade in which the two sides are straight and, when they meet, form an angle that is always less than 90°.
Leaf base asymmetric	Referring to a leaf base in which the two sides do not attach to the petiole at the same place, one is attached than the other.
Leaf base cordate	Heart-shaped at the base of a leaf blade. A cordate leaf blade always has a cordate base but a cordate leaf base may not always be associated with a cordate leaf blade.
Leaf base cuneate	Wedge-shaped; referring to the base of a leaf blade of which the angle formed by the meeting of the margins is less than 90°.
Leaf base decurrent	Referring to a leaf blade base that extends down the petiole.
Leaf base lobate (lobed)	A rounded projection arising from the base of a leaf blade.

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