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Phelloderm
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A layer of parenchyma produced inwardly by the cork cambium. |
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Phellogen
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See cork cambium and periderm. |
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Phenolics
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Plant produced nitrogen-containing compounds that defend the plant from predation by insects and other animals. |
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Phenology
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The timing of vegetative and reproductive events in plants and their relationships with abiotic and biotic factors, e.g., flowering times in relationship with seasonal rainfall. |
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Phenotype
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The sum total of the observable structures and functional characteristics of a living organism. |
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Phenotypic plasticity
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The capacity for marked variation in the phenotype; i.e., variation in character states. |
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Pherophyll
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Leaflike bract found in frondose inflorescences. |
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Phloem
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The food-conducting tissue of vascular plants. In most woody plants, the inner bark is phloem. |
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Phloem arms
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A segment of cross-shaped or star-shaped phloem as seen in cross (= transverse) section in some lianas, especially species of Bignoniaceae. |
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Phorophyte
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.A plant, most often a tree, upon which an epiphyte grows. |
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Photosynthate
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The carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis. |
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Photosynthesis
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The process by which green plants produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water utilizing radiant energy from the sun. |
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Photosynthetic bark
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Refers to bark that harbors chlorophyll which gives at least some of the bark a green color. Most often plants with photosynthetic bark drop their leaves (are deciduous) at a certain time of year and whatever photosynthesis that takes place at that time is within the bark chlorophyll. Usually trees of species with photosynthetic bark grow under environmental stress at certain times of the year, e.g., during the dry season or when river levels rise and water covers the lower part of the trunk |
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Photosynthetic stems
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Stems that harbor chlorophyll which gives them a green color. Often plants with photosynthetic stems drop their leaves (are deciduous) at a certain time of year and whatever photosynthesis that takes place at that time is within the stem chlorophyll. Usually plants with photosynthetic stems grow under environmental stress at certain times of the year, e.g., extremely dry periods during which considerable evapotranspiration would take place if the leaves were retained. |
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Phyllary (plural = phyllaries)
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One of a series of overlapping bracts that subtends the capitulum (head) of Asteraceae. |
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Phylloclade
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A branch that has taken on the form and function of a leaf. |
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Phyllode
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A petiole and or rachis that has taken on the form and function of a leaf; e.g., in certain species of Acacia. |
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Phyllotaxy
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Three-dimensional arrangement of leaves on a stem. |
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Phylogenetic
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Referring to a classification based on the evolutionary relationships of the organisms involved. |
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Phylogeny
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A hypothesis about the evolutionary the relationships within groups of organisms. Phylogenies are based on a series of three taxon statements that address the question "Are taxa A and B more closely related than either is to taxon C. |
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Phylum (plural = phyla)
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A unit of classification. The plant kingdom is divided into divisions but some authors use phyla, the animal kingdom is more commonly classified into phyla. |
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Phytochemical
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A chemical that occurs natural in plants. |
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Phytomelan
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A carbonaceous, opaque material that usually covers the seed coat to give it a black appearance, common in certain monocot families. |
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Phytophagous
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Referring to eating plants, usually by insects. |
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Pie de la columna
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En las Orchidaceae, es la continuación carnosa que está en la base de la columna, a menudo esta es más prominente en fruto. |
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Pilose (diminutive = pilosulous)
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A covering of long, soft, simple trichomes. |
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Pin flower
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One of two types of flowers found in some species in which the style is long and the stamens are short. Compare with thrum flower; see heterostyly. |
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Pinna (plural = pinnae)
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The primary division of a compound leaf, especially of ferns. |
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Pinnada
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Se refiere a la disposición lateral de los nervios secundarios a lo largo del nervio medio (primario) o a las hojas compuestas. Ver pinnada, pinnaticompuesta |
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Pinnada, pinnaticompuesta
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Que tiene las hojuelas dispuestas a lo largo de un eje o raquis, ya sean en pares o alternas. Ver paripinnada, bipinnada e imparipinnada. |
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Pinnate
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Feather-like; generally referring to the arrangement of veins along a midrib of a leaf blade or to leaflets along a rachis in a way that resembles the structure of a feather. |
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Pinnate (pinnately compound leaves)
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Bearing leaflets along a common axis or rachis. See paripinnate and imparipinnate. |
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Pinnate venation
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A type of venation pattern in which the secondary veins run parallel to each other from the midrib toward the margin. |
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Pinnately veined
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Bearing the secondary veins along both sides and for the length of the midrib (primary vein). |
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Pinnatifid
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Pinnately divided with the sinuses extending halfway or more to the midrib but not reaching it. |
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Pinnatisect
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Pinnately divided with the sinuses reaching the rachis. The segments of pinnatisect leaves or fronds are not stalked; i.e., they lack petiolules. |
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Pinnule
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A secondary or higher division of a compound leaf of ferns, in this example the marked pinnule is a primary pinnule which makes up the primary pinnule which, in turn, makes up the frond. |
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Pioneer
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A species of plant that colonizes a deforested, barren, or disturbed area; e.g., many species of Cecropia (Cecropiaceae) are pioneer plants. |
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Pistil
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The female part of the flower composed of the ovary, style, and stigma. |
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Pistillate flower
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Referring to unisexual flowers with functional gynoecia but without functional stamens (staminodes may be present). Same as female flower. |
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Pistillate phase
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Refers to species with bisexual flowers that release pollen and have receptive stigmas at different times over the course of floweirng, the pistillate phase is when the stigmas are receptive and the anthers either have or will release their pollen. This serves as a mechanism that promotes outcrossing, especially when the different phases are synchronous on the same plant. |
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Pistillode
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A rudimentary, sterile gynoecia. |
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Pistilo
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Es la parte femenina de la flor, está compuesta por ovario, estilo y estigma |
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Pistilo compuesto
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Gineceo compuesto de más de un carpelo. |
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Pith
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The spongy ground tissue occupying the center of many stems. |
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Placenta (pl. = placentae)
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The tissue within an ovary to which the ovules are attached or closely associated. |
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Placenta (plural = placentae)
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The structure in the ovary to which the ovules are attached. |
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Placenta arched
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A type of placentation in which the placenta arches from the top of the lower septum and gets progressively thicker toward the base as seen in medial longitudinal section. |
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Placenta columnar
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A type of placentation in which the lower septum is only slightly expanded more-or-less equally throughout its length as seen in a medial longitudinal section. |
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Placenta flabellate
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A type of placenta in which the ovules are inserted on placenta tissue that fans outward from the lower septum as viewed in medial longitudinal section. |
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