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Term Definition
Pericarpel In the Cactaceae, the part of the receptacle fused to the ovary.
Periderm Protective tissue located on the outside of stems, branches, and roots, consisting of the phellogen or cork cambium, the phellem or cork to the outside, and the phelloderm to the inside. Same as cork. Periderm
Peridermis Tejido protector localizado en la parte externa de los tallos, ramas y raíces. Este consiste de felógeno o cambio de corcho, el félem, súber o corcho hacia el exterior, y la felodermis hacia el interior.
Perigon (perigoniate) A reduced perianth found in the flowers of some species of Araceae, Monimiaceae, and Siparunaceae.
Perigynium A sac-like structure surrounding the ovary of some Cyperaceae, e.g.. Carex. Same as utricle. Perigynium
Perigynous ovary Referring to a flower in which the sepals, petals, and stamens arise from the rim of a cuplike hypanthium surrounding the ovary. Perigynous ovary
Período cretáceo, cretácico Período de tiempo geológico que es parte de la era Mezozoica; empezó hace aproximadamente 144 millones de años atrás y terminó alrededor de los 65 millones de años. Para una mayor información, ver la página web del Museo de Paleontología de la Universidad de California: http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/index.php
Peripheral filaments Protein filaments associated with sieve-element plastids.
Perisperm Food-storage tissue derived from the nucellus of some flowering plants.
Persistent Referring to a structure that remains attached. Opposite of deciduous. Persistent
Personal equipment The personal equipment needed for doing prolonged expeditions to the neotropics. Access the attached PDF for a list of essential personal equipment used by the senior author of this glossary. For more information about plant collecting see Tropical Plant Collecting: From the Filed to the Internet. This book can be purchased at: http://tecceditora.com/ or Amazon.com.
Personate Referring to a bilabiate corolla with an expansion on the lower lip that blocks entry into the tube; e.g., in some species of Acanthaceae.
Perula (plural = perulae, adj. = perulate) A scale of a leaf bud. The same as bud scale. Perula (plural = perulae, adj. = perulate)
Petal An outermost segment of the corolla. Petal
Petal apex reflexed A petal apex that turns abruptly inward. Petal apex reflexed
Petal lobe A lobe of the corolla that arises from the corolla tube. Petal lobe
Pétalo Cada uno de los segmentos que componen la corola
Petaloid Petal-like.
Petiole The stalk of the leaf blade. The petiole and blade together equal the leaf Petiole
Petiole The stalk of a leaf; in compound leaves, the stalk between the leaf attachment on the stem and the insertion of the first leaflet. Petiole
Petiole cross-section A section of a petiole made at right angles to its length just below the start of the blade. Petiole cross-section
Petiolule The stalk of a leaflet. Several different orders of petiolules may exist in leaves twice or more compound; those in a palmately compound leaf radiate from a common central point. Petiolule
Phanerocotylar cotyledons A type of seed germination in which the cotyledons emerge from the seed coat. Compare with cryptocotylar. Phanerocotylar cotyledons
Phanerogam A plant that produces seed; the gymnosperms and angiosperms are phanerogams. Compare with cryptogam.
Phellem A layer of suberized cells produced outwardly by the cork cambium. Phellem
Phelloderm A layer of parenchyma produced inwardly by the cork cambium. Phelloderm
Phellogen See cork cambium and periderm. Phellogen
Phenolics Plant produced nitrogen-containing compounds that defend the plant from predation by insects and other animals.
Phenology The timing of vegetative and reproductive events in plants and their relationships with abiotic and biotic factors, e.g., flowering times in relationship with seasonal rainfall.
Phenotype The sum total of the observable structures and functional characteristics of a living organism.
Phenotypic plasticity The capacity for marked variation in the phenotype; i.e., variation in character states.
Pherophyll Leaflike bract found in frondose inflorescences.
Phloem The food-conducting tissue of vascular plants. In most woody plants, the inner bark is phloem. Phloem
Phloem arms A segment of cross-shaped or star-shaped phloem as seen in cross (= transverse) section in some lianas, especially species of Bignoniaceae. Phloem arms
Phorophyte .A plant, most often a tree, upon which an epiphyte grows. Phorophyte
Photosynthate The carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis. Photosynthate
Photosynthesis The process by which green plants produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water utilizing radiant energy from the sun. Photosynthesis
Photosynthetic bark Refers to bark that harbors chlorophyll which gives at least some of the bark a green color. Most often plants with photosynthetic bark drop their leaves (are deciduous) at a certain time of year and whatever photosynthesis that takes place at that time is within the bark chlorophyll. Usually trees of species with photosynthetic bark grow under environmental stress at certain times of the year, e.g., during the dry season or when river levels rise and water covers the lower part of the trunk Photosynthetic bark
Photosynthetic stems Stems that harbor chlorophyll which gives them a green color. Often plants with photosynthetic stems drop their leaves (are deciduous) at a certain time of year and whatever photosynthesis that takes place at that time is within the stem chlorophyll. Usually plants with photosynthetic stems grow under environmental stress at certain times of the year, e.g., extremely dry periods during which considerable evapotranspiration would take place if the leaves were retained. Photosynthetic stems
Phyllary (plural = phyllaries) One of a series of overlapping bracts that subtends the capitulum (head) of Asteraceae. Phyllary (plural = phyllaries)
Phylloclade A branch that has taken on the form and function of a leaf. Phylloclade
Phyllode A petiole and or rachis that has taken on the form and function of a leaf; e.g., in certain species of Acacia. Phyllode
Phyllotaxy Three-dimensional arrangement of leaves on a stem.
Phylogenetic Referring to a classification based on the evolutionary relationships of the organisms involved.
Phylogeny A hypothesis about the evolutionary the relationships within groups of organisms. Phylogenies are based on a series of three taxon statements that address the question "Are taxa A and B more closely related than either is to taxon C.
Phylum (plural = phyla) A unit of classification. The plant kingdom is divided into divisions but some authors use phyla, the animal kingdom is more commonly classified into phyla.
Phytochemical A chemical that occurs natural in plants.
Phytomelan A carbonaceous, opaque material that usually covers the seed coat to give it a black appearance, common in certain monocot families.
Phytophagous Referring to eating plants, usually by insects.
Pie de la columna En las Orchidaceae, es la continuación carnosa que está en la base de la columna, a menudo esta es más prominente en fruto.