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Haustorium (plural = haustoria)
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The tissue-penetratingand food-absorbing organ of a parasitic plant. |
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Head
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Same as capitulum in the Asteraceae. |
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Heartwood
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The inner non-functional part of the xylem, i.e., the dead part of the xylem that no longer transports water and nutrients to the leaves but serves as support for the plant. |
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Helicoid cyme
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A determinate inflorescence that has the lateral flowers developing on alternate sides of the axis and often appears coiled. |
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Heliophile
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Lover of sunlight; a plant that thrives under conditions of high light intensity. |
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Helobial endosperm
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A type of endosperm in which two unequal cells develop differently, the larger one in a noncellular manner (see nuclear endosperm) and the smaller one in various ways. |
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Hemi-legumbre (hemilegumbre)
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Es el fruto de una leguminosa en el que las semillas y una de las valvas son dispersas como una unidad. La valva al ser dispersa por el viento vuela con las semillas que están unidas a ella |
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Hemi-legume (hemilegume)
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A legume fruit in which the seed or seeds and one valve of the pod are dispersed as a unit. The valve catches the wind and blows away with the seeds. |
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Hemiepífita
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Planta que durante una parte de su ciclo de vida crece sobre otra planta sin tener contacto con el suelo y durante otra parte de su ciclo de vida está en contacto con el suelo. Las hemiepífitas pueden ser primarias (descendentes), las que comienzan creciendo sobre un hospedero (generalmente un árbol), desarrollan largas raíces aéreas hasta alcanzar el suelo y terminan su ciclo de vida como terrestres (e.g. Clusia [Clusiaceae]); o secundarias (ascendentes), las que inicialmente crecen sobre el suelo como las hierbas, para después trepar sobre un hospedero y ahi terminar su ciclo de vida, sin tener contacto con el suelo (e.g. Anthurium, Philodendron [Araceae]). Comparar con epífitas. |
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Hemiepífita primaria
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Se aplica a una planta (e.g., Clusia spp., Clusiaceae) que empieza su ciclo de vida sobre un hospedero, sin estar en contacto con el suelo y que desarrolla raíces aéreas que alcanzan el suelo para terminar su ciclo de vida como una planta terrestre. |
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Hemiepífita secundaria
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Se aplica a una planta que empieza su ciclo de vida sobre el suelo, como una hierba, y que luego se desarrolla sobre un hospedero sin tener contacto con el suelo (e.g., Anthurium, Philodendron [Araceae]). Comparar con epífita, hemiepífita y hemiepífita primaria |
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Hemiepiphyte
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A plant that grows for part of its life on other plants without connection to the ground and for part of its life with a connection to the ground. A primary hemiepiphyte (e.g., Clusia spp., Clusiaceae) begins life without a connection with the ground but later develops aerial roots that reach the ground. A secondary hemiepiphyte (e.g., various species of Araceae) grows from the ground onto its support and later loses its connection with the ground. Compare with epiphyte. |
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Hemiparásita
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Se refiere a las plantas que son capaces de fotosintetizar y a la vez extraen los nutrientes de un hospedante; por ejemplo, Loranthaceae y Viscaceae |
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Hemiparasite
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A plant that both photosynthesizes and extracts some of its nutrition from a host; e.g., speices of Loranthaceae and Viscaceae. |
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Hemisaprophyte
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A saprophyte with chlorophyll in some of its tissue. Note that many plants originally thought to saprophytes are now considered to be mycoheterotrophs. |
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Herb
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A nonwoody plant. Large as well as small plants may be herbaceous; the largest native herb in the Neotropics is Phenakospermum guyannense (Strelitziaceae). |
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Herbaceous
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With annual, nonwoody stems as opposed to perennial, woody stems. |
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Herbarium (plural = herbaria)
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A herbarium is a repository for plant collectons which consist of herbarium sheets, separate fruit collections, pickled collections, DNA collections, and images depicting plants in the field. The larger herbaria of the world are described in an online resource called Index Herbariorum (http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/IndexHerbariorum.asp). |
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Herbivory (herbivorous)
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Feeding on plants (referring to an animal that feeds on plants). |
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Herkogamy (herkogamous)
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In bisexual flowers, the placement of the male (staminate) and female (pistillate) flowers in different positions within the same plant; for example, a heterostylous species is also a herkogamous species. Approach herkogamy is when the sigma protrodes beyond the stamens and reverse herkogamy is when the anthers protrude beyond the stigma. In the first case, the pollinator touches the stigma before it reaches the anthers and in the second place the pollinator touches the anthers before it reaches the stigma. |
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Hermaphrodite
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See bisexual; in the Mimosaceae, referring to the presence of both staminate and pistillate flowers in the same inflorescence. |
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Hesperidium
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A berrylike fruit with tough or coriaceous outer rind, e.g., the fruit of most species of Citrus (Rutaceae). |
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Heteranthery (adj. = heterantherous)
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A flower that contains two types of pollen, one that germinates and is found in anthers and another that does not germinate and serves as a pollinator reward. |
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Heteranthery (adj. = heterantherous)
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A flower that contains two types of pollen, one that germinates and is found in anthers and another that does not germinate and is found antherodes; the latter serves as a pollinator reward. |
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Heteranthery (heterantherous)
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Heteromorphic stamens of a species of Swartzia from an unvouchered plant from Amazonas, Brazil. This is also called heteranthery and when there are only two variations in the morphology of a structure it can also be referred to as dimorphic. This species is apocarpic as evidenced by the separate styles, a rare occurence in legumes which in general have species with a single pistil. Same as differentiated anthers. |
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Hetero-
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A prefix meaning different or other. |
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Heteroblastic
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Referring to a plant with juvenile forms that are morphologically distinct from adult forms; often used to describe leaves changing from compound to simple as the plant passes from juvenile to adult. |
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Heterochlamydeous
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Referring to a flower with differentiated calyx and corolla; same as biseriate perianth. Compare with monochlamydeous. |
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Heterogamous
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Having flowers of two or more different types; e.g., the heads of certain Asteraceae with both ligulate and disk flowers. |
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Heteromorphic
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Referring to structures or organs within a species or individual that differ in form or size; e.g., the simple juvenile and pinnately compound leaves of Syagrus inajai (Arecaceae). Compare with dimorphic and monomorphic. |
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Heteromorphic stamens
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Stamens of two distinct types; one type usually bears fertile pollen and the other type bears sterile or fodder pollen; e.g., Lecythis zabucajo (Lecythidaceae) and species of Senna (Fabaceae). |
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Heterophylly (heterophyllous)
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Referring to species or individuals with leaves that differ in size or shape. See heteromorphic. |
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Heterospory (heterosporous)
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Producing two different kinds of spores; e.g., those giving rise to the microgametophytes and megagametophytes of Selaginella, Isoetes, and the flowering plants and the |
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Heterostyly (heterostylous)
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A condition in which the style and stamen lengths vary among individuals of the same species; e.g., in Coussarea racemosa (Rubiaceae), with flowers with long styles and short stamens and flowers with short styles and long stamens in different trees of the same population. The long-styled flowers are called pin flowers and the short-styled flowers are called thrum flowers. |
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Heterótrofa, heterotrófica
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Se refiere a las plantas que son incapaces de sintetizar los compuestos orgánicos a partir del substrato inorgánico. Opuesto a autótrofa o autotrófica |
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Heterotroph (heterotrophic)
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Unable to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic substrates, i.e., this kind of plant does not photosynethesize and is not green in color because it lacks chlorophyll. |
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Hierba
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Planta no leñosa. Las herbáceas por lo general son plantas pequeñas, pero también pueden alcanzar un gran tamaño; por ejemplo, la papaya (Carica papaya L.). |
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Higher order leaf venation
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Referring to venation levels in the leaves above the tertiary veins. |
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Higher order venation
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All venation smaller in diameter than tertiary venation. |
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Hilum (hilar)
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A scar on the seed indicating where the funicle was attached. |
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Hipantio
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Es un tubo floral constituido por las partes fusionadas del perianto, a veces incluye tejidos del receptáculo. El tubo puede estar libre del ovario, como en las flores períginas, o puede estar fusionado al ovario, como en las flores epíginas |
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Hipocarpo
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Pedicelo engrosado que sostiene al fruto de Anacardium (Anacardiaceae). También se lo conoce como fruto falso o pseudofruto. |
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Hippocrepiform
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Horseshoe-shaped. |
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Hippuriform
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Shaped like a horse’s tail; e.g., the inflorescences of species of Oenocarpus (Arecaceae). |
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Hirsute (diminutive = hirtellous)
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With rough or coarse hairs. |
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Hispid (diminutive = hispidulose)
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With dense, stiff trichomes. |
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Hoja
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Estructura expandida donde se produce la fotosíntesis, usualmente está compuesta por un peciolo y una lámina |
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Hoja compuesta
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Se refiere a una hoja que está dividida en varias o muchas unidades laminares más pequeñas. Opuesto a hoja simple |
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Hoja imparipinnada
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Se refiere a una hoja compuesta que posee un foliolo impar en la porción distal. Comparar con paripinnada |
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Hoja paripinnada
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Se refiere a una hoja compuesta que posee un par de foliolos en la porción distal. Equivalente a bipinnada. Comparar con imparipinnada |
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