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Aerenchyma
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Tissue with large,intercellular, air-filled spaces; e.g., in the petioles of many species of Araceae and in the roots, stems, and leaves of many aquatic plants. |
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Aerial roots
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Adventitious roots of lianas and hemiepiphytes in the forest canopy that ultimately anchor in the ground or some other substrate; e.g., some species of Clusia (Clusiaceae) and Philodendron (Araceae). The aerial roots of some species are split and used to make baskets, furniture, hats and as rope to tie together temporary shelters. |
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Aerial tuber
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A tuber that arises from an aerial root in contrast to a true tuber which arises from underground roots or stems. |
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Aestivation
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The arrangement of the parts of the perianth in the floral bud. |
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Aggregate fruit
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A fruit formed by the coalescence of carpels that were distinct (apocarpous) in flower; e.g., Rubus (blackberry) and Fragaria (strawberry).. |
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Aguajal
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A Spanish name referring to a palm swamp dominated by moriche palms Mauritia flexuosa. Same as morichal in Spanish and burital in Portuguese. |
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Aguijón, acúleo
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Proyección puntiaguda y más o menos cónica del tejido superficial de un tallo; por ejemplo, aquellas localizadas en el tronco y ramas de Ceiba pentandra (Bombacaceae), Jacaratia spinosa (Caricaceae) y la de los tallos de Smilax spp. (Smilacaceae). Comparar con espina |
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Alate
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Refers to a band of tissue running the length of a structure; = winged. |
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Alate
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With a thin, conspicuous ridge running down the length of a structure such as a stem, leaf rachis, ovary, or fruit. Same as winged. |
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Alien
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An animal, plant, or microbe that is introduced or naturally dispersed from one area into to another area. There are two types of alien plants, adentives that cause no apparent economic and ecological harm (e.g., the common mullein) and invasives that cause economic or ecological harm (e.g., the Japanese knotweed). |
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Allantoid
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A solid form sausage-like in outline. |
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Alternas
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Se aplica a las hojas que están dispuestas de manera solitaria en cada nudo en una rama. Comparar con opuestas y verticiladas |
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Alternate
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Referring to leaves and other structures that arise from an axis singly at each node, the leaves can be either simple or compound. Compare with opposite and whorled. |
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Alternation of generations
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Referring to the alternation of the haploid (n) and diploid (2n) generations of plants. In the lower plants (e.g., the bryophytes), the gametophyte generation is the dominant phase and the sporophyte generation depends on it for photosynthate. In contrast, in the higher plants (e.g., the flowering plants) the sporophyte generation is the dominant phase and the gametophyte depends on it for photosynthate. |
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Ament
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A spike with closely congested, often apetalous, unisexual flowers; e.g., staminate inflorescences of species of Betulaceae. Same as catkin. Aments are generally associated with wind pollination. |
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Amphisarcum (plural = amphisarca)
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A simple, indehiscent fruit with the pericarp differentiated externally into a dry crust and internally into one or more fleshy layers. |
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Amplexicaul (adj. = amplexicaulus)
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Clasping the stem as do some stipules and leaf bases. |
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Amplexicaul (amplexicaulous)
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Clasping the stem as do some leaf and stipule bases. |
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Anadromous
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Referring to a venation pattern in which the first vein in a given segment arises on the side of the leaf segment toward the apex. |
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Androdioecy (androdioecious)
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Referring to the sexual condition of a species that bears only staminate flowers on some plants but staminate and pistillate flowers or bisexual flowers on other plants. |
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Androecial appendages
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In the Lecythidaceae, any prolongation from the surface of the androecium; if there are fertile anthers on the appendage they are called a stamens, if there are normal appearing anthers that produce only fodder pollen they are called staminodes, if there are only rudimentary anthers or no anthers at all the appendages they are called vestigial stamens, and if they produce nectar they are called nectar-producing vestigial stamens. |
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Androecial hood
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In the Lecythidaceae, the distal part of the ligule that has become modified either structurally by coiling inward or by the production of staminodes, vestigial stamens, or nectar-producing vestigial stamens. Androecial hoods are usuallly separated from the staminal ring by an appendage-free part of the ligule (the only known exception is Couroupita nicaraguarensis and perhaps a species of the Lecythis sec. Pisonis group not yet identified. Androecial hoods of Lecythidaceae vary according to their degree of structural complexity and the type of androecial appendages they possess. |
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Androecial hood
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In zygomorphic-flowered Lecythidaceae with ligules, the distal part of the ligule that has become modified either by the outgrowth of appendices (= staminodes, vestigial stamens, or nectar-producing vestigial stamens), by an abrupt change in direction of the ligule, or by both. Androecial hoods are usuallly separated from the staminal ring by an appendage-free part of the ligule (the only known exception is Couroupita nicaraguarensis and perhaps a few species of the Lecythis sec. Pisonis group. Androecial hoods of Lecythidaceae vary according to their degree of structural complexity and the type of androecial appendages they possess. |
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Androecial hood appendages swept inward
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A androecial hood type in which appendages arise from an expanded apical or subapical part of the ligule from where they curve into the flower but do not form a coil (e.g., as in species of Eschweilera). The appendices are always more or less fused together at their bases. If the expanded part of the hood is subapical and the ligule extends beyond the thickening, the extension is called the anterior ligular extension. Do not confuse this term with curved appendages (see definition) |
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Androecial hood double-coiled
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The androecial hood is coiled twice inward. |
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