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Valvate (adjj.)
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A type of aestivation in which the edges of the sepals and petals meet exactly and do not overlap (compare with imbricate); referring to the opening of an anther by small flaps; e.g., in Lauraceae. |
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Valve
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One of the segments of an ovary each of which is hypothesized to represent a carpel or one of the segments of a dehiscent fruit. |
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Variegated leaves
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Having streaks, marks, or patches of different colors; e.g., the immature leaves of some species of Calathea (Marantaceae) and several species of Psychotria (Rubiaceae), and the mature leaves of Cyclopogon olivaceus (Orchidaceae). |
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Várzea
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A Portuguese term referring to forest growing in areas periodically indundated by alkaline, café au lait-colored water (also called white water). |
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Várzea
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A Portuguese term referring to forest growing in areas periodically indundated by alkaline, café au lait-colored water (also called white water). Do not confuse white-water with rapidly flowing water of rapids and waterfalls. See Prance (1979) for more information about forests subjected to inundation in Amazonia. |
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Vascular bundle
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In the angiosperms, separate strands of phloem and xylem cells that transport water and nutrients to the leaves and photosynthate (carbohydrates produced by photosynthesis) to other parts of the plant. |
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Vascular trace
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That part of a vascular bundle extending from the vascular cylinder of the stem into the base of the leaf. |
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Vegetative reproduction
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Referring to non-sexual reproduction, by ramets developing from stolons, sprouts from rhizomes, budding from the leaves, tubers, or bulblets. |
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Venule
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The ultimate division of the venation of a leaf blade. |
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Versatile anther
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A stamen in which the filament is attached to the anther above the base of the anther. |
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Verticilada
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Se refiere cuando tres o más órganos se encuentran dispuestos en el mismo plano e insertos en un mismo nudo alrededor de un tallo; por ejemplo, a las hojas en un tallo. Comparar con alterna y opuesta |
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Verticillate
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Arising from an axis in groups of more than two at the same node; e.g., leaves along a stem or flowers along a rachis. Same as whorled. Compare with alternate and opposite. |
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Very narrowly elliptic
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Referring to a two-dimensional shape with the widest point at the middle and tlength to width ratio of 6:1 or more. |
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Very widely oblong
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Referring to a two dimensional shape in which the greatest width extends throughout a middle zone at least one-third the length of the blade (in this zone the margins are more-or-less parallel) and the length to width ratio is 1.2:1 or less. |
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Very widely obovate
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Very widely obovate refers to a leaf, sepal, petal, or other flat structure that is wider above the midpoint and has a length-to-width ratio of 1:1 or less. |
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Very widely ovate
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Very widely ovate refers to a leaf, sepal, petal, or other flat structure that is wider at the base than at the midpoint, tapers toward the apex, and has a length-to-width ratio of 1:1 or less. |
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Vestigial stamen
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An appendage derived directly from a staminode and indirectly from a stamen that no longer has an anther or the anther is small and withered compared to the fertile anthers of normal stamens in the staminal ring or the fodder pollen-producing anthers of staminodes. |
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Vestigial stamen nectaries
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In the Lecythidaceae, the inner-most appendages at the apex of a fully-coiled, zygomorphic-flowered, neotropical Lecythidaceae that produce nectar which accumulates in the nectar chamber. Nectar-producing vestigial stamens and nectar chambers are only found in species of Couratari and Eschweilera sensu lato. Fully coiled refers to species that have more than one inward coil, i.e., species with two or more coils. |
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Vestigial stamens
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An appendage, most likely derived directly from a staminode and indirectly from a stamen, that no longer has an anther or the anther is small and withered compared to the fertile anthers of normal stamens in the staminal ring or the fodder pollen-producing antherodes of staminodes. |
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Vestigial stamens external
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Referring to an inwardly, once coiled androecial hood that possesses vestigial stamens only on the outside (externally of the coil. This feature is only used to describe species with at single coil. |
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Vestigial stamens internal
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Referring to an inwardly, once-coiled androecial hood that possesses vestigial stamens on the inside (internally) as well as on the outside of the coil (externally). |
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Vexillum
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The upper, broad petal of Fabaceae. Same as standard, flag, and banner with standard the preferred term. |
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Viscidium
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In the Orchidaceae, a sticky part of the rostellum that is removed with the pollinia as a unit and serves to attach the pollinia to the dispersal agent. |
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Vivipary (viviparous)
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In plants, germinating while still attached to the parent plant. |
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Voucher
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A herbarium specimen used to document the identification of a species of plant in floristic, monographic, anatomical, ecological, economic, medicinal, taxonomic, etc. studies. If a voucher does not document plant studies there is no way to confirm or reject the identifications of the species in the studies. |
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