{"id":2250,"date":"2019-03-26T16:41:38","date_gmt":"2019-03-26T20:41:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/sycdev.nybg.org\/science2\/?page_id=2250"},"modified":"2023-02-02T14:24:42","modified_gmt":"2023-02-02T19:24:42","slug":"geographic-information-systems","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/","title":{"rendered":"Geographic Information Systems"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are specialized software for the storage, sharing, visualization, and analysis of geographically-referenced data. The datasets of a GIS, called layers, are representations of real-world phenomena, such as points representing plant collections. GIS allows for the exploration of spatial relationships through these data layers, which often reveal biogeographical patterns which can only be discovered once spatially-aligned and plotted collaboratively on a map.<\/p>

Activities in the GIS Lab are centered around the specimens of the William and Lynda Steere Herbarium (virtually available on the\u00a0C.V. Starr Virtual Herbarium website<\/a><\/span>). GIS projects are specialist-driven and\/or grant-funded project based.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"Collection\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium\u2019s collection density per country<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

Georeferencing<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Georeferencing is the process of determining geographic coordinates (latitude and longitude) from a written locality description on a specimen label. Through this process we also calculate an error radius, which is designed to incorporate all sources of uncertainty to accurately describe the area in which the collection may have occurred. Georeferencing involves using a variety of tools, including online mapping applications as well as gazetteers, collector\u2019s field notebooks, and paper maps. We follow georeferencing best practices set out by the natural history community; please see Georeferencing Best Practices<\/a><\/span> and the Georeferencing Quick Reference Guide<\/span><\/a> for more information.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Map highlighting botanical collections which are in fire-disturbed regions of the Amazon<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"GIS\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
Environmental dataset layers and occurrence geocoordinate data (green dots) for a plant species endemic to Jamaica. <\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t

MAPPING AND MODELLING<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Distribution and range maps aid in understanding a species\u2019 approximate geographic extent, and are a powerful tool in observing change over time, especially for invasive species or plants with threatened habitats.\u00a0These types of maps are also critical in learning about and describing newly discovered species.<\/p>

Species distribution models combine environmental factors (land-use, soil, climate data, etc.) and botanical collection data points to discover which factors correlate most favorably to a species survival and where shifts may occur due to changes in our climate. GIS modeling of plant species can provide compelling arguments for policy decisions that involve a geographic component, such as conservation of crucial habitats or guidance in the protection of a species at risk throughout some or all of its natural range.<\/p>

\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are specialized software for the storage, sharing, visualization, and analysis of geographically-referenced data. The datasets of a GIS, called layers, are representations of real-world phenomena, such as points representing plant collections. GIS allows for the exploration…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2260,"parent":1053,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-2250","page","type-page","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nGeographic Information Systems - The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Scientists in the Garden's GIS laboratory integrate data from all science departments in order to study the geography of plant diversity\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Geographic Information Systems - The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Scientists in the Garden's GIS laboratory integrate data from all science departments in order to study the geography of plant diversity\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2023-02-02T19:24:42+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/gis_lab.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"948\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"553\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/\",\"name\":\"Geographic Information Systems - The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#primaryimage\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/gis_lab.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2019-03-26T20:41:38+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2023-02-02T19:24:42+00:00\",\"description\":\"Scientists in the Garden's GIS laboratory integrate data from all science departments in order to study the geography of plant diversity\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/gis_lab.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/gis_lab.png\",\"width\":948,\"height\":553,\"caption\":\"Geographic Information Systems Lab\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"Biodiversity Information Management\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Geographic Information Systems\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/\",\"name\":\"The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium\",\"description\":\"\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#organization\"},\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#organization\",\"name\":\"The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/logo.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/logo.png\",\"width\":995,\"height\":243,\"caption\":\"The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium\"},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Geographic Information Systems - The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium","description":"Scientists in the Garden's GIS laboratory integrate data from all science departments in order to study the geography of plant diversity","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Geographic Information Systems - The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium","og_description":"Scientists in the Garden's GIS laboratory integrate data from all science departments in order to study the geography of plant diversity","og_url":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/","og_site_name":"The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium","article_modified_time":"2023-02-02T19:24:42+00:00","og_image":[{"width":948,"height":553,"url":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/gis_lab.png","type":"image\/png"}],"twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Est. reading time":"3 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/","url":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/","name":"Geographic Information Systems - The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#primaryimage"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/gis_lab.png","datePublished":"2019-03-26T20:41:38+00:00","dateModified":"2023-02-02T19:24:42+00:00","description":"Scientists in the Garden's GIS laboratory integrate data from all science departments in order to study the geography of plant diversity","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/"]}]},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/gis_lab.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/gis_lab.png","width":948,"height":553,"caption":"Geographic Information Systems Lab"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/geographic-information-systems\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Biodiversity Information Management","item":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/information-management2\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Geographic Information Systems"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#website","url":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/","name":"The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium","description":"","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#organization","name":"The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium","url":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/logo.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/10\/logo.png","width":995,"height":243,"caption":"The William & Lynda Steere Herbarium"},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/#\/schema\/logo\/image\/"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2250","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2250"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/2250\/revisions"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1053"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2260"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sweetgum.nybg.org\/science\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2250"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}