Trigoniastrum hypoleucum Miq.
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Authority
Lleras, Eduardo. 1978. Trigoniaceae. Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 19: 1-73. (Published by NYBG Press)
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Family
Trigoniaceae
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Scientific Name
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Type
Type. Teysmann, Herb. Bogor. #4548, Sumatra, Mangala Lamp fl, fr (lectotype U; isotypes GH, US).
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Synonyms
Isopteris penangiana Benn., Trigoniastrum hypoleucum var. oliganthum Airy Shaw, Trigoniastrum hypoleucum var. viride Airy Shaw
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Description
Species Description - Tree, to 30 m. Petioles 4.0-8.0 mm long, 2.0-4.0 mm wide, sulcate, sometimes sparsely strigose, the stipules caducous (nv); lamina oblong, 7.0-20.0 cm long, 2.5-6.0 cm wide, glabrous above, thinly lanate beneath, the margins entire, with small impressed glands, the apex acuminate, the acumen cuneate, to 30.0 mm, glandular thickened, the midrib plane to depressed above, prominulous beneath, slightly strigose, the secondary nerves 4-6 pairs, brochidodromous. Inflorescences 15.0-40.0 cm long, the bracts foliolate on lower panicles, becoming fusiform towards the upper ones, the glands circular, fleshy. Flowers (fide Van Steenis) white; sepals 2.0-3.5 mm long, 1.0-2.0 mm wide, ovate, the apex acute, strigose; standard 4.0-5.0 mm long, the pouch extending to ½ the length, 2.0-3.0 mm wide, slightly pilose externally, the wings 3.0-4.0 mm long. 1.0-2.0 mm wide, spathulate, the keel petals 3.5-5.0 mm long, oblique to oblong; filaments 1.0-2.0 mm long, connate for 2/3 of the length, the anthers 0.5-1.0 mm long, ovate; glands ca 0.7 mm wide, 0.6 mm high, reniform, puberulous; style 1.0-1.5 mm long, sparsely strigose, the stigma ca 0.2 mm diameter; puberulous; ovary 0.5-0.8 mm in diameter, subglobose, strigose to lanate pubescent. Fruit 3.0-5.0 cm long, the locules semi-elliptic, extending to 2.5 cm, the wings to 25.0 mm long, 10.0 mm wide, extending upwards, oblong, the inner side straight, rounded on the external margin, nervation prominulous. Seeds obovate, flattened, ca 20.0 mm long, 5.0 mm wide, velutinous. Seedlings (fide Van Steenis) with epigeal cotyledons, first pair of leaves opposite.
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Discussion
Trigoniastrum hypoleucum is the only species in the genus. Airy Shaw, 1940, established two varieties under this species: var oliganthum, and var viride based on leaf characters. I can find no justification to maintain varieties under this species, the leaves are very variable. The typification of the species has been somewhat problematic, as Miquel’s treatment is obscure as to the type. He indicated it as “Mangala prope Lampong.” Several Teysmann specimens seen on loan are annotated as “Mangala Lamp,” and probably represent syntypes. Other treatments in the literature have ignored this problem by not citing the type. I have annotated the Utrecht specimen labeled as Herb. Bogor. #4548, as the lectotype.
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Common Names
mangkudor, tinga catu, marasali, mata pasak, suginara
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Distribution
Forests of Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Brunei.
Sumatra Indonesia Asia| Malaysia Asia| Borneo Brunei Asia| Singapore Asia|