Pinus echinata Mill.

• Authority

  Gleason, Henry A. & Cronquist, Arthur J. 1991. Manual of vascular plants of northeastern United States and adjacent Canada. lxxv + 910 pp.

• Family

  Pinaceae

• Scientific Name

  Pinus echinata Mill.

• Description

  Species Description - Tree to 35 m; bark at first scaly and nearly black, later becoming red-brown and scaly-plated; twigs pale and glaucous; winter buds less than 1 cm, red-brown to gray- brown, not strongly resinous; lvs in 2’s or 3’s, persistent 2–4 years, soft, dark green, 7–12 cm × ca 1 mm; cones divergent, ovoid to ovoid-conic, 4–6 cm, opening at maturity but persisting several years; apophysis somewhat elevated, the umbo low-pyramidal, with a stout or slender, recurved or spreading spine 1–2 mm; seeds ca 2 cm. Dry, sandy or rocky soil; s. N.Y. to n. Fla., w. to s. O., s. Mo., e. Okla., and e. Tex.

• Common Names

  yellow-pine, shortleaf-pine