Cinchona calisaya Wedd. x C. pubescens Vahl
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Authority
Andersson, Lennart. 1998. A revision of the genus
(Rubiaceae--Cinchoneae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 80: 1-75. -
Family
Rubiaceae
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Scientific Name
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Discussion
Cinchona boliviana Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill, 10: 7. 1848. Cinchona calisaya var. boliviana (Wedd.) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. 4: 264. 1868-1869. Type. Bolivia. La Paz: “prov. de Canpolican, Bolivia,” Weddell 4350 (lectotype, P-JU 9917, designated here). Cinchona affinis Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. Ill, 10: 8. 1848; Cinchona micrantha [var.] affinis (Wedd.) Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V, 11: 360. 1869. Type. Peru. Puno: “Prov. de Carabaya,” n.d., Weddell 4361 (US; L-s.n.). Cinchona micrantha [var.] oblongifolia Wedd., Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 52. 1849. Type. Based on Cinchona affinis Wedd. Cinchona ovata [var.] erythroderma Wedd., Hist. Nat. Quinquinas 60. 1849; Cinchona erythroderma (Wedd.) Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot. V, 11: 362. 1869. Type. Peru. Cuzco: “Vallée de Santa Ana de Cuzco,” Weddell s.n. (P-sterile). Cinchona pavoniana Kuntze, Monogr. Cinchona 6. 1878. Type. Java. Tjirinuan, cultivated, Jul 1875, Kuntze 5368 (lectotype, NY, designated here). Quinquina carabayensis [var.] villosa Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 3(2): 122. 1898. Type. Bolivia. Río Miguelito, 1500 m, 15 May 1892, Kuntze s.n. (lectotype, NY, designated here; isolectotypes, F, MO, NY). Nomenclatural notes. The specimen P-JU 9917, annotated Cinchona boliviana in Weddell’s hand, is possibly a mixture. The number label is attached to a sterile branch, which is here designated lectotype. Other specimens with the same number were annotated as Cinchona boliviana var. crassifolia and are more typical C. calisaya. These other specimens also have other localities, or at least the localities are differently expressed. The three preserved collections were made by Kuntze in Java and annotated by him as Cinchona pavoniana. They are fairly homogeneous and on the whole match the protologue quite well. They agree with C. calisaya in having leaves with distinct pit domatia and rather small flowers but are reminiscent of C. pubescens in their thinnish leaf blades. I interpret these specimens as representing derivatives of a cross C. calisaya X pubescens. Four more collections exist that were annotated as C. pavoniana by Kuntze. These are all from Himalaya, however, and in rather poor agreement with the original description. The type collection of Quinquina carabayensis var. villosa is similar to C. pubescens in size, shape, and texture of the leaf blades and in having the leaf blades hairy on both the adaxial and the abaxial surface. It has strongly fimbriate seed wings, however. The hairs of the leaf blades are much longer than is usually seen in either species, and the long hairs supposedly explain why the type collection was treated under under C. humboldtiana (= C. villosa) by Standley (1931b: 271). Two collection dates figure on the type collection, the May date cited above and “13/21 April 1892.” The collection is morphologically unusual and very homogeneous, however, and there is hardly any doubt that all specimens were taken from the same tree. Because the April date is stamped, whereas the May date is handwritten, I believe that the latter is the correct one. Hybrids between C. calisaya and C. pubescens seem to occur rather frequently in nature and seem also to have been produced in cultivation. There is a continuous range of intermediate forms connecting these species, but two modal morphotypes exist. One form is characterized by thinnish leaf blades, ± papyraceous when dry, with a length:width ratio of 1.1-2.2, being often rather densely hirtellous on the abaxial surface and having distinct pit domatia in the distal vein and veinlet axils. Such forms are not sharply delimited against C. micrantha, from which they may usually be distinguished by their larger flowers (corolla tube >8 vs. <8 mm long). This morphotype includes the types of C. boliviana, C. affinis, and C. pavoniana. The other modal morphotype has leaf blades with the rather firm texture of C. calisaya but approaching C. pubescens in size and shape. Such forms may have or lack domatia. The erratic occurrence within the distribution area of C. calisya of calisaya characteristics (strongly dentate seed wings) in C. pubescens, and of pubescens characteristics (long capsules, indistinctly dentate seed wings) in C. calisaya. indicate that back-crosses and introgressive hybridization are quite widespread. Many of the specimens judged in this study to represent hybridogeneous material are old and lapidarically labeled. I am not convinced that all of them came from wild plants, and I am especially suspicious about the many Rusby and Krukoff collections from Mapiri and vicinity. It may be that hybridization is not quite as common in nature as suggested by the present material.
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Distribution
Representative collections examined. PERU. Puno: Prov. Sandia, Río Huari-Huari 1.6 km above its confluence with Río Isilluma, Hodge 6023 (F).BOLIVIA. Cochabamba: Incachaca, 2130 m, Pennock B-1 (US). La Paz: San Carlos near Mapiri, 750 m, Buchtien 1642 (K); prov. Larecaja, Copacabana ca. 10 km S of Mapiri, 850-950 m, Krukoff 11307/107 (US); Mapiri, 1350 m, Rusby K-2 (BM, F, NY, US); Coroico, 1851, Weddell s.n. (G).
Peru South America| Bolivia South America|